Livelihood Insecurity Among Urban Households in Ethiopia
Author: Dessalegn Rahmato
Publisher:
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 80
ISBN-13:
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COVID-19 and food security in Ethiopia: Do social protection programs protect?
Author: Abay, Kibrom A.
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2020-11-11
Total Pages: 46
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWe assess the impact of Ethiopia’s flagship social protection program, the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security of households, mothers, and children. We use both pre-pandemic in-person household survey data and a post-pandemic phone survey. Two thirds of our respondents reported that their incomes had fallen after the pandemic began and almost half reported that their ability to satisfy their food needs had worsened. Employing a household fixed effects difference-in-difference approach, we find that the household food insecurity increased by 11.7 percentage points and the size of the food gap by 0.47 months in the aftermath of the onset of the pandemic. Participation in the PSNP offsets virtually all of this adverse change; the likelihood of becoming food insecure increased by only 2.4 percentage points for PSNP households and the duration of the food gap increased by only 0.13 months. The protective role of PSNP is greater for poorer households and those living in remote areas. Results are robust to definitions of PSNP participation, different estimators and how we account for the non-randomness of mobile phone ownership. PSNP households were less likely to reduce expenditures on health and education by 7.7 percentage points and were less likely to reduce expenditures on agricultural inputs by 13 percentage points. By contrast, mothers’ and children’s diets changed little, despite some changes in the composition of diets with consumption of animal source foods declining significantly.
Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria
Author: Amare, Mulubrhan
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2020-08-11
Total Pages: 43
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 12 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 13 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food insecurity. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations.
Livelihood and Urban Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia
Author: Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher
Publisher: African Books Collective
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 176
ISBN-13: 9994455524
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe international development policy agenda is currently dominated by the theme of poverty reduction. The theme has been vigorously pursued by multilateral donors, such as The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank, and others. Their assistance has also been tuned to pro-poor policy frameworks. Poverty, however, is understood mainly to be a rural phenomenon. This is based on the fact that rural poverty is widespread and pervasive and affects a large segment of the population since the majority of people in less developed countries reside in rural areas. There is, however, an increasing trend of urban growth and with it urban poverty all over the world. In Ethiopia urban poverty, in comparison to rural poverty and national level poverty, has increased over time. This has necessitated urban poverty reduction as an important area of intervention in urban development and planning. The objective of this study is to understand the livelihood situations of the poor in big and small towns, and identify the gaps and linkages between the livelihood requirements of the poor and policies at municipal level. The study was conducted in nine cities and towns of the country, including the capital city.
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Published: 2018-09-14
Total Pages: 278
ISBN-13: 9251305722
DOWNLOAD EBOOKNew evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.
Living With Urban Environmental Health Risks
Author: Girma Kebbede
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2017-11-28
Total Pages: 249
ISBN-13: 1351153625
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAlthough it still has a low urban population when compared with the rest of the world, Ethiopia nevertheless has been experiencing one of the most rapid urbanization processes of recent years. This rapid urban growth, however, has not been accompanied by a commensurate increase in basic infrastructure and amenities that are essential for a healthy urban environment. Housing, water supply, sanitation services, drainage, transport networks and health services have not been able to keep pace with the prevailing urban growth rates, resulting in a deterioration of urban living conditions and increasingly serious health problems. Living With Urban Environmental Health Risks examines the extent and nature of environmental problems in urban areas in Ethiopia and their impact on health. The book points to the economic and political causes that underlie many of the urban problems in the country. This in-depth analysis suggests ways to deal with these problems at community, municipal, and national levels.
Household Food Security
Author: Simon Maxwell
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 292
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis document reviews core concepts in household food security (HFS), provides an overview of indicators and data collection methods, and includes an annotated bibliography on concepts and definitions, illustrating the inter-relationship among HFS, nutrition, livelihood security and long-term sustainability.
Confronting Economic Insecurity in Africa
Author: Rajendra Paratian
Publisher: International Labour Organization
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 460
ISBN-13: 9789221157137
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFocuses on three themes: the prevalence of basic socio-economic security, informalization and labour market security and the increasing marginalization of vulnerable groups.
Urban Poverty in Ethiopia
Author: Emebet Mulugeta
Publisher:
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 224
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKNear-real-time welfare and livelihood impacts of an active civil war: Evidence from Ethiopia
Author: Abay, Kibrom A.
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2022-03-01
Total Pages: 57
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEthiopia is currently embroiled in a large-scale civil war that has continued for more than a year. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which spans several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides fresh evidence on the ex durante impacts of the conflict on the food security and livelihood activities of affected households. We use difference-in-differences estimation to compare trends in the outcomes of interest across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the civil war. Seven months into the conflict, we find that the outbreak of the civil war increased the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity by 38 percentage points. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) on households’ exposure to violent conflict, we show that exposure to one additional battle leads to 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. The conflict has reduced households’ access to food through supply chain disruptions while also curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage related activities were the most affected by the conflict while farming activities were relatively more resilient. Similarly, economic activities in urban areas were much more affected than those in rural areas. These substantial impact estimates, which are likely to be underestimates of the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence on the near-real-time impacts of an on-going civil conflict, providing direct evidence on how violent conflict disrupts the functioning of market supply chains and livelihoods activities. Our work highlights the potential of HFPS to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available.
