Literature Review of Inorganic Ultraviolet Radiation Filters
Literature Review of Inorganic Ultraviolet Radiation Filters

Author: Lydia R. Stefanik

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The damage that can be inflicted by ultraviolet radiation has gained widespread interest. Traditionally sunscreens are made of organic and inorganic components that block two of the three types of ultraviolet radiation, UVA and UVB. This report is a literature review of several articles that have investigated the effects of inorganic UV filters; specifically titanium dioxide and cerium dioxide. There are concerns about absorption of titanium dioxide into the skin and the adverse reactions that could occur, but it was found that there is little to no absorption. Similarly the photostability of titanium dioxide is a concern; this was found to be remedied in part by a surface treatment to the titanium dioxide. The combination of titanium dioxide and carnauba wax was also studied and found to enhance the properties of both the organic and inorganic filters. Ceria was studied as a possible replacement for titanium dioxide. It was found to have similar ultraviolet shielding properties while minimizing the photocatalytic activity and photocytotoxicity seen in titanium dioxide.

The Encyclopedia of Ultraviolet Filters
The Encyclopedia of Ultraviolet Filters

Author: Nadim A. Shaath

Publisher: Allured Publishing Corporation

Published: 2007-01-01

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 9781932633252

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The most comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of data on every ultraviolet filter approved for sunscreen use worldwide. All UV filters approved in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and South America are included. This manual includes descriptions of the three types of ultraviolet filters: organic UV absorbers, inorganic particulates and organic particulates. INCI names, USAN names, chemical and common names are cross-referenced in a handy guide. Suppliers, trade names and their addresses are included also. The Encyclopedia of Ultraviolet Filters also will review the current status and recent developments in the sunscreen and the ultraviolet filters industry. Updated worldwide regulations on more than 50 ultraviolet filters in use today, including: -Quality control and testing procedures -Sample MSDS¿s -Certificates of analysis -Specifications sheets -Chemical structures -Spectroscopic data -UV absorbance (UVA, UVB or both) -Maximum absorbance -Extinction coefficients

Investigating the Effects of UV Filters in Sunscreen on Human and Environmental Health
Investigating the Effects of UV Filters in Sunscreen on Human and Environmental Health

Author: Brittany M. Thompson

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 21

ISBN-13:

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Ultraviolet filters are active ingredients in sunscreen that protect us from harmful UV radiation. However, organic UV filters are thought to have adverse effects on the environment and humans. In recent years, fear of harmful impacts of sunscreen has caused a surge of coral reef safe sunscreens to hit the market. These sunscreens, which contain inorganic metal oxides as UV filters, have been accepted as safe for humans and the environment until recently. Metal oxides in reef safe sunscreens may form intermediates in the water that can harm marine life and can absorb through the skin and into the blood, possibly disrupting normal bodily function. In this study, a 48-hour bioassay was run with Artemia salina and various UV filters at different concentrations to determine at what levels of exposure and to which UV filters the organism is sensitive. Three trials were run with one organism in each of the 200 bioassay wells and 20 replicates per treatment. At each data collection time, organism survival outcomes were recorded. Results showed significant difference between trials but not between treatments. This project serves to research the impact sunscreen has on A. salina and potential environmental and human health impacts.

Sunscreens in Coastal Ecosystems
Sunscreens in Coastal Ecosystems

Author: Antonio Tovar-Sánchez

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-08-27

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 3030560775

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This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the chemical analysis of UV filters in coastal waters and their impact on the marine environment. The sun care is today the most important sector within the cosmetics industry, with annual increases in sales. The main components of sunscreens, organic and inorganic UV filters, have been detected in many coastal regions, with the highest concentrations in coastal areas under high anthropogenic pressure. Moreover, these compounds have been found to be bioaccumulated in aquatic biota causing biological and toxicological responses; some organic UV filters act as endocrine disruptors in aquatic biota, affecting survival, behavior, growth, development and reproduction. On the other hand, inorganic UV filters, mainly based on nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to have various impacts on marine organisms, such as inducing oxidative stress in abalones, accumulating in microalgae, affecting the immune response in mussels, bleaching corals, and genotoxicity in fish, among others. All these effects of sunscreens on the marine environment highlight the need for more stringent and environmentally friendly regulations. This book covers the latest analytical methodologies used in assessing the impact of UV filters impact on marine waters, especially on marine biota, and also critiques the global regulation of UV filters and the environmental risk of using sunscreens. Featuring specific case studies of the environmental effects of sunscreens in the Mediterranean Sea and Hawaii, which highlight the importance of balancing human health with environmental health of coastal ecosystems, it will appeal not only to scientists and students from various disciplines (environmental chemistry, biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, fisheries and climate change among others), but also to environmental managers wanting to promote new restrictive regulations on the use of UV filters, and to professionals from the cosmetic industry interested in the development of eco-friendly sunscreens.

Literature Review of Near Infrared Attenuating Media
Literature Review of Near Infrared Attenuating Media

Author: Ralph A. Coleman

Publisher:

Published: 1962

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

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"The purposes of this review was to investigate the literature for near infrared absorbing or attenuating systems with an emphasis on those that allow transmission of visible wavelengths. The spectral range of interest, therefore, lies between C.4 to 5.O microns. The types of infrared attenuating systems investigated include inorganic and organic compounds and other optical methods; such as, the interference filters and Christiansen filters." -- page iii.

Advancing Research on Understanding Environmental Effects of UV Filters from Sunscreens
Advancing Research on Understanding Environmental Effects of UV Filters from Sunscreens

Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Publisher:

Published: 2023-08-06

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780309695855

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Sunscreens and a variety of other products contain chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters that absorb or block the sun's radiation and thereby help mitigate harms to human skin from the sun. The 2022 NASEM report Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health called on the EPA to conduct an ecological risk assessment of UV filters to characterize the possible risks to aquatic ecosystems and the species that live in them. However, the 2022 report also identified a number of knowledge gaps and research barriers that may limit understanding of those ecological risks. To share progress and identify opportunities to further address gaps and barriers, NASEM hosted a workshop in Washington, D.C., on January 23?24, 2023, entitled Workshop to Advance Research on Understanding Environmental Effects of UV Filters in Sunscreens. Through a series of prepared talks, panel discussions, and structured breakout discussions, participants examined the 2022 report and its management context; explored data needs and analytical challenges relevant to the development of accurate toxicity metrics for UV filters; and suggested opportunities to improve and standardize toxicity testing for these chemicals. These proceedings has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.