This book offers an unparalleled depth of historical research by surveying the extraordinary richness of literary culture in a single year. Paul Salzman examines what is written, published, performed and, in some cases, even spoken during 1621 in Britain. Well-known works by writers such as Donne, Burton, Middleton, and Ralegh, are examined alongside hitherto unknown works in a huge variety of genres: plays, poems, romances, advice books, sermons, histories, parliamentary speeches, royal proclamations. This is a work of literary history that greatly enhances knowledge of what it was like to read, write and listen in early modern Britain.
When was feminism born - in the 1960s, or in the 1660s? For England, one might answer: the early decades of the seventeenth century. James I was King of England, and women were expected to be chaste, obedient, subordinate, and silent. Some, however, were not, and these are the women who interest Barbara Lewalski - those who, as queens and petitioners, patrons and historians and poets, took up the pen to challenge and subvert the repressive patriarchal ideology of Jacobean England. Setting out to show how these women wrote themselves into their culture, Lewalski rewrites Renaissance history to include some of its most compelling - and neglected - voices. As a culture dominated by a powerful Queen gave way to the rule of a patriarchal ideologue, a woman's subjection to father and husband came to symbolize the subjection of all English people to their monarch, and all Christians to God. Remarkably enough, it is in this repressive Jacobean milieu that we first hear Englishwomen's own voices in some number. Elizabeth Cary, Aemilia Lanyer, Rachel Speght, and Mary Wroth published original poems, dramas, and prose of considerable scope and merit; others inscribed their thoughts and experiences in letters and memoirs. Queen Anne used the court masque to assert her place in palace politics, while Princess Elizabeth herself stood as a symbol of resistance to Jacobean patriarchy. By looking at these women through their works, Lewalski documents the flourishing of a sense of feminine identity and expression in spite of - or perhaps because of - the constraints of the time. The result is a fascinating sampling of Jacobean women's lives and works, restored to their rightful place in literary historyand cultural politics. In these women's voices and perspectives, Lewalski identifies an early challenge to the dominant culture - and an ongoing challenge to our understanding of the Renaissance world.
In dissolving his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII claimed that Catherine's brief marriage to Henry's deceased brother, Arthur, had rendered the subsequent union incestuous. Henry's next marriage could be called incestuous as well, for Anne Boleyn's sister Mary had been the king's mistress before her. But early rumor hinted at an even darker incestuous connection between Henry and Anne; she was, some charged, not only the king's lover, but his illegitimate daughter. Monarchy and Incest in Renaissance England argues that a preoccupation with incest is built into the dominant social and cultural concerns of early modern England. Proceeding from a study of Henry VIII's divorce and succession legislation through the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I, this work examines the interrelation between family politics and literary expression in and around the English royal court. Boehrer contends that themes of incest appear irregularly and prominently in the imaginative literature of the period. Some fifty extant plays from 1559 to 1658 deal either explicitly or implicitly with the subject. Incest emerges as a structural motif in texts as diverse as The Faerie Queene and Paradise Lost, and figures at least implicitly in nondramatic works by Jonson, Chapman, Shakespeare, and others. Monarchy and Incest in Renaissance England explores the response to, and modification of cultural anxieties regarding family structure. It is a brilliant and original work that will be of interest to scholars and students of English Renaissance literature and history, as well as of cultural studies.
This volume explores the development of literary culture in sixteenth-century England as a whole and seeks to explain the relationship between the Reformation and the literary renaissance of the Elizabethan period. Its central theme is the 'common' in its double sense of something shared and something base, and it argues that making common the work of God is at the heart of the English Reformation just as making common the literature of antiquity and of early modern Europe is at the heart of the English Renaissance. Its central question is 'why was the Renaissance in England so late?' That question is addressed in terms of the relationship between Humanism and Protestantism and the tensions between democracy and the imagination which persist throughout the century. Part One establishes a social dimension for literary culture in the period by exploring the associations of 'commonwealth' and related terms. It addresses the role of Greek in the period before and during the Reformation in disturbing the old binary of elite Latin and common English. It also argues that the Reformation principle of making common is coupled with a hostility towards fiction, which has the effect of closing down the humanist renaissance of the earlier decades. Part Two presents translation as the link between Reformation and Renaissance, and the final part discusses the Elizabethan literary renaissance and deals in turn with poetry, short prose fiction, and the drama written for the common stage.
As a major source of debate on theological topics such as the resurrection of body and soul, justification by faith, and predestination, the New Testament epistles of Saint Paul played a central role in the development of religious thought and practice across Reformation Europe. But in a period when Christian belief and Biblical knowledge permeated every aspect of human life, how did Paul's epistles inform Europe's literary and rhetorical cultures? How did scholars and artists respond, not just to Paul's provocative ideas, but also to his provocative manner of expressing them? Pauline Style and Renaissance Literary Culture is the first critical history of Saint Paul's rhetorical style in the Renaissance, 1500-1700. It explores critical and creative responses to Paul's style across a wide range of mediums and genres, at a time when two powerful and confluent cultural forces—Humanism and Protestantism—profoundly altered conceptions of Biblical writing. Daniel Knapper argues that Paul's style developed into one of the most theoretically productive and artistically provocative styles of the Renaissance primarily because of its controversial reception among European Biblical humanists, who struggled to define and assess its volatile features, qualities, and expressive functions. This theoretical discourse directly impacted literary activity in England, shaping how and why English writers imitated Paul's style in their literary works. From the plays of William Shakespeare, to the devotional poetry of John Donne, to the courtly sermons of Lancelot Andrewes, to the polemical prose and epic poetry of John Milton, English writers imitated Paul's style—or, more precisely, a set of critically and culturally determined aspects of Paul's style—to produce specific aesthetic effects, reflect on pressing theological problems, and engage in heated religious controversies. In tracing the reception of Paul's style in Renaissance literary culture, this groundbreaking study reveals how and why English writers drew on Biblical models to develop their literary practices, even as it reveals how issues of style and rhetoric shaped Biblical interpretation and theological discourse in the contentious religious crucible of Reformation Europe.
Prior to the 1666 fire of London, St Paul's Cathedral was an important central site for religious, commercial, and social life in London. The literature of the period - both fictional and historical - reveals a great interest in the space, and show it to be complex and contested, with multiple functions and uses beyond its status as a church. St Paul's Cathedral Precinct in Early Modern Literature and Culture: Spatial Practices animates the cathedral space by focusing on the every day functions of the building, deepening and sometimes complicating previous works on St Paul's. St Paul's Cathedral Precinct in Early Modern Literature and Culture is a study of London's cathedral, its immediate surroundings, and its everyday users in early modern literary and historical documents and images, with special emphasis on the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. It discusses representations of several of the seemingly discrete spaces of the precinct to reveal how these spaces overlap with and inform one another spatially, and argues that specific locations should be seen as mutually constitutive and in a dynamic and ever-evolving state. The varied uses of the precinct, including the embodied spatial practices of early modern Londoners and visitors, are examined, including the walkers in the nave, sermon-goers, those who shopped for books, the residents of the precinct, the choristers, and those who were devoted to church repairs and renovations.
This volume examines how literature was central to the debates about royal succession and political culture of the early eighteenth century. It reshapes our understanding of writers such as Daniel Defoe, Alexander Pope, and Joseph Addison, as well as our understanding of political, literary, and material cultures of the time.
Reversing F. O. Matthiessen's famous description of translation as “an Elizabethan art”, Elizabethan literature may well be considered “an art of translation”. Amidst a climate of intense intercultural and intertextual exchange, the cultural figure of translatio studii had become a formative concept in most European vernacular writing of the period. However, due to the comparatively marginal status of English in European literary culture, it was above all translation in the literal sense that became the dominant mode of applying this concept in late 16th-century England. Translations into English were not only produced on an unprecedented scale, they also became a key site for critical debate where contemporary discussions about authorship, style, and the development of a specifically English literary identity converged. The essays in this volume set out to explore Elizabethan translation as a literary practice and as a crucial influence on English literature. They analyse the competitive balancing of voices and authorities found in these texts and examine the ways in which both translated models and English literary culture were creatively transformed in the process of appropriation.
