This book presents results onboundary-value problems for L and the theory of nonlinear perturbations of L. Specifically, necessary and sufficient solvability conditions in explicit form are found for various boundary-value problems for the operator L. an analog of the Weyl decomposition is proved.
This introduction to algebraic geometry allows readers to grasp the fundamentals of the subject with only linear algebra and calculus as prerequisites. After a brief history of the subject, the book introduces projective spaces and projective varieties, and explains plane curves and resolution of their singularities. The volume further develops the geometry of algebraic curves and treats congruence zeta functions of algebraic curves over a finite field. It concludes with a complex analytical discussion of algebraic curves. The author emphasizes computation of concrete examples rather than proofs, and these examples are discussed from various viewpoints. This approach allows readers to develop a deeper understanding of the theorems.
This book provides a systematic introduction to various geometries, including Euclidean, affine, projective, spherical, and hyperbolic geometries. Also included is a chapter on infinite-dimensional generalizations of Euclidean and affine geometries. A uniform approach to different geometries, based on Klein's Erlangen Program is suggested, and similarities of various phenomena in all geometries are traced. An important notion of duality of geometric objects is highlighted throughout the book. The authors also include a detailed presentation of the theory of conics and quadrics, including the theory of conics for non-Euclidean geometries. The book contains many beautiful geometric facts and has plenty of problems, most of them with solutions, which nicely supplement the main text. With more than 150 figures illustrating the arguments, the book can be recommended as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in geometry.
This book aims at providing a handy explanation of the notions behind the self-similar sets called "fractals" and "chaotic dynamical systems". The authors emphasize the beautiful relationship between fractal functions (such as Weierstrass's) and chaotic dynamical systems; these nowhere-differentiable functions are generating functions of chaotic dynamical systems. These functions are shown to be in a sense unique solutions of certain boundary problems. The last chapter of the book treats harmonic functions on fractal sets.
This book is intended to provide engineering and/or statistics students, communications engineers, and mathematicians with the firm theoretic basis of source coding (or data compression) in information theory. Although information theory consists of two main areas, source coding and channel coding, the authors choose here to focus only on source coding. The reason is that, in a sense, it is more basic than channel coding, and also because of recent achievements in source coding and compression. An important feature of the book is that whenever possible, the authors describe universal coding methods, i.e., the methods that can be used without prior knowledge of the statistical properties of the data. The authors approach the subject of source coding from the very basics to the top frontiers in an intuitively transparent, but mathematically sound, manner. The book serves as a theoretical reference for communication professionals and statisticians specializing in information theory. It will also serve as an excellent introductory text for advanced-level and graduate students taking elementary or advanced courses in telecommunications, electrical engineering, statistics, mathematics, and computer science.
This book is devoted to the geometry and arithmetic of elliptic curves and to elliptic functions with applications to algebra and number theory. It includes modern interpretations of some famous classical algebraic theorems such as Abel's theorem on the lemniscate and Hermite's solution of the fifth degree equation by means of theta functions. Suitable as a text, the book is self-contained and assumes as prerequisites only the standard one-year courses of algebra and analysis.
The aim of this book is to present some applications of functional analysis and the theory of differential operators to the investigation of topological invariants of manifolds. The main topological application discussed in the book concerns the problem of the description of homotopy-invariant rational Pontryagin numbers of non-simply connected manifolds and the Novikov conjecture of homotopy invariance of higher signatures. The definition of higher signatures and the formulation of the Novikov conjecture are given in Chapter 3. In this chapter, the authors also give an overview of different approaches to the proof of the Novikov conjecture. First, there is the Mishchenko symmetric signature and the generalized Hirzebruch formulae and the Mishchenko theorem of homotopy invariance of higher signatures for manifolds whose fundamental groups have a classifying space, being a complete Riemannian non-positive curvature manifold. Then the authors present Solovyov's proof of the Novikov conjecture for manifolds with fundamental group isomorphic to a discrete subgroup of a linear algebraic group over a local field, based on the notion of the Bruhat-Tits building. Finally, the authors discuss the approach due to Kasparov based on the operator $KK$-theory and another proof of the Mishchenko theorem. In Chapter 4, they outline the approach to the Novikov conjecture due to Connes and Moscovici involving cyclic homology. That allows one to prove the conjecture in the case when the fundamental group is a (Gromov) hyperbolic group. The text provides a concise exposition of some topics from functional analysis (for instance, $C^*$-Hilbert modules, $K$-theory or $C^*$-bundles, Hermitian $K$-theory, Fredholm representations, $KK$-theory, and functional integration) from the theory of differential operators (pseudodifferential calculus and Sobolev chains over $C^*$-algebras), and from differential topology (characteristic classes). The book explains basic ideas of the subject and can serve as a course text for an introduction to the study of original works and special monographs.
This book discusses character theory and its applications to finite groups. The work places the subject within the reach of people with a relatively modest mathematical background. The necessary background exceeds the standard algebra course with respect only to finite groups. Starting with basic notions and theorems in character theory, the authors present a variety of results on the properties of complex-valued characters and applications to finite groups. The main themes are degrees and kernels of irreducible characters, the class number and the number of nonlinear irreducible characters, values of irreducible characters, characterizations and generalizations of Frobenius groups, and generalizations and applications of monomial groups. The presentation is detailed, and many proofs of known results are new. Most of the results in the book are presented in monograph form for the first time. Numerous exercises offer additional information on the topics and help readers to understand the main concepts and results.
This book offers a modern exposition of the arithmetical properties of local fields using explicit and constructive tools and methods. It has been ten years since the publication of the first edition, and, according to Mathematical Reviews, 1,000 papers on local fields have been published during that period. This edition incorporates improvements to the first edition, with 60 additional pages reflecting several aspects of the developments in local number theory. The volume consists of four parts: elementary properties of local fields, class field theory for various types of local fields and generalizations, explicit formulas for the Hilbert pairing, and Milnor -groups of fields and of local fields. The first three parts essentially simplify, revise, and update the first edition. The book includes the following recent topics: Fontaine-Wintenberger theory of arithmetically profinite extensions and fields of norms, explicit noncohomological approach to the reciprocity map with a review of all other approaches to local class field theory, Fesenko's -class field theory for local fields with perfect residue field, simplified updated presentation of Vostokov's explicit formulas for the Hilbert norm residue symbol, and Milnor -groups of local fields. Numerous exercises introduce the reader to other important recent results in local number theory, and an extensive bibliography provides a guide to related areas.
By studying algebraic varieties over a field, this book demonstrates how the notion of schemes is necessary in algebraic geometry. It gives a definition of schemes and describes some of their elementary properties.
