Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products
Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products

Author: T. J. O'Neill

Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9781859573648

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This review describes the process of life cycle analysis in some detail. It describes the different organisations involved in researching and applying these techniques and the database resources being used to generate comparative reports. The overview explains the factors to be considered, the terminology, the organisations involved in developing these techniques and the legislation which is driving the whole process forward. The ISO standards relating to environmental management are also discussed briefly in the document. Design for the environment is covered in the report. This review is accompanied by summaries of selected papers on life cycle analysis and environmental impact from the Rapra Polymer Library database.

Polysaccharide Materials
Polysaccharide Materials

Author: Kevin Edgar

Publisher: American Chemical Society

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13:

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Today we are experiencing a renaissance in the chemistry of polysaccharide materials. This is due in part to recognition of the importance of renewable-based materials in a society in which petroleum has become a much more expensive feedstock, with a cloudy future with respect to adequacy of supply. There are currently intense, global efforts to develop a biomass-based refinery process, intended to produce biofuel (ethanol or butanol being the top candidates) that will replace some or all of the petroleum-based fuel we now use. In parallel, scientists and non-scientists have become aware of the opportunities that this biofuel industry will create for biomass-based products. The utilization of waste from the biofuel process, along with the exploitation of the collection system for biomass that will serve the biofuel production process, to make other products from biomass, will create an unprecedented and revolutionary opportunity for the creation of integrated biorefineries. These biorefineries will have substantial resemblance to current petroleum refineries, in that they will convert a natural product (or more properly, products) into fuel by chemical transformations and separation processes, and simultaneously use co-products and main products as feedstocks for the production of more complex chemicals. In order to take advantage of the opportunities presented by a biorefinery-based economy, it is crucial that we develop new synthetic methods for polysaccharide derivatives, and new understanding of the structure-property-performance relationships of these versatile molecules. This symposium series book will describe new synthetic methods, novel polysaccharide derivatives, new applications of these derivatives in biomedicine and packaging applications, and numerous examples of the creation of new insight into the design of polysaccharide materials for performance. The articles in this symposium series book are good examples of the advances in polysaccharide chemistry being made in the current renaissance that will help to move us towards a biorefinery future.

Analytical Tools for Environmental Design and Management in a Systems Perspective
Analytical Tools for Environmental Design and Management in a Systems Perspective

Author: Nicoline Wrisberg

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 9401004560

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The aim of this book is to link demand and supply of environmental information in the field of Life Cycle Management. The book is based on the results of the CHAINET concerted action financed by EU-DGXII for the work period 1998-2000, and is intended to build bridges between the different scientific communities in the field of Life Cycle Management. A structured approach is followed, meaning that both demand and supply of environmental information are characterised, after which the two are linked.

Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Author: Michael Z. Hauschild

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-03-24

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 9401797447

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This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.

Polymers
Polymers

Author: Adisa Azapagic

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons

Published: 2003-06-27

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 9780471877400

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* Timely information on the environmental impact of polymer recycling. * Ample sample questions and answers in chapters. * Provides material on the economics and legislation of recycling, and on LCA. * Examines the advantages and disadvantages of polymer recycling.

Natural Fiber Composites
Natural Fiber Composites

Author: R.D.S.G. Campilho

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-11-05

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 1482239019

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This book brings value to anyone working with or designing natural fiber composite structures. It helps readers understand the value these materials can add to projects, how to choose the best materials and treatments, how to safely design and fabricate products made of natural fiber composites, and how to test them for safety. It covers the characterization of natural fibers, matrices and respective composites, and how to enhance their performance and processing as well as testing and degradation issues.

Life Cycle Management
Life Cycle Management

Author: Guido Sonnemann

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-07-16

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 9401772215

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This book provides insight into the Life Cycle Management (LCM) concept and the progress in its implementation. LCM is a management concept applied in industrial and service sectors to improve products and services, while enhancing the overall sustainability performance of business and its value chains. In this regard, LCM is an opportunity to differentiate through sustainability performance on the market place, working with all departments of a company such as research and development, procurement and marketing, and to enhance the collaboration with stakeholders along a company’s value chain. LCM is used beyond short-term business success and aims at long-term achievements by minimizing environmental and socio-economic burden, while maximizing economic and social value.

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment

Author: Olivier Jolliet

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-11-18

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 1439887705

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Environmental Life Cycle Assessment is a pivotal guide to identifying environmental problems and reducing related impacts for companies and organizations in need of life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA, a unique sustainability tool, provides a framework that addresses a growing demand for practical technological solutions. Detailing each phase of the LCA methodology, this textbook covers the historical development of LCA, presents the general principles and characteristics of LCA, and outlines the corresponding standards for good practice determined by the International Organization for Standardization. It also explains how to identify the critical aspects of an LCA, provides detailed examples of LCA analysis and applications, and includes illustrated problems and solutions with concrete examples from water management, electronics, packaging, automotive, and other industries. In addition, readers will learn how to: Use consistent criteria to realize and evaluate an LCA independently of individual interests Understand the LCA methodology and become familiar with existing databases and methods based on the latest results of international research Analyze and critique a completed LCA Apply LCA methodology to simple case studies Geared toward graduate and undergraduate students studying environmental science and industrial ecology, as well as practicing environmental engineers, and sustainability professionals who want to teach themselves LCA good practices, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment demonstrates how to conduct environmental assessments for products throughout their life cycles. It presents existing methods and recent developments in the growing field of LCA and systematically covers goal and system definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation.

Construction Manual for Polymers + Membranes
Construction Manual for Polymers + Membranes

Author: Jan Knippers

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2012-12-17

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 3034614705

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Whether it be as translucent sheets, broadly stretched membranes, and inflated foil cushions or in graceful, organic curves, architecture today is utilizing plastics in the most disparate forms and for a wide variety of purposes. Innovative technical developments are constantly improving its material properties; at the same time, there is a growing new awareness of its potential as a construction material. While plastics used to be employed primarily as an inexpensive variant on traditional building materials, they are increasingly regarded in the construction world today as a serious and viable alternative, be it as supporting structures, roofs, facades, or elements of interior design and decoration. Thanks in large part to this inherent self-sufficiency, plastics are currently enjoying an unprecedented surge in popularity, even among the international architectural avant-garde – as multiwall sheets or corrugated, fiber-reinforced panels, or as filling between glass panes. And the new generation of ecological bioplastics also pays tribute to the debate on sustainability, ridding plastics of their lingering reputation as environmental offenders. From the history of plastics and membranes in architecture to their material properties and requirements in construction and design, the Plastics and Membranes Construction Manual cuts to the chase, providing the kind of solid and comprehensive overview of the subject that readers have come to expect from the Im DETAIL series. Selected project examples round off the reference work and make it indispensable for the day-to-day life of the professional planner and for every architecture library.