Energie

Energie

Author: André Gardel

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 516

ISBN-13: 1483152685

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Energie


Author:

Publisher: Assemblée nationale

Published:

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13:

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Annuaire Europeen 1998 / European Yearbook 1998

Annuaire Europeen 1998 / European Yearbook 1998

Author: Hans Christian Kroger

Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Published: 2000-12-01

Total Pages: 1480

ISBN-13: 9789041115386

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The "European Yearbook" promotes the scientific study of nineteen European supranational organisations and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Each volume contains a detailed survey of the history, structure and yearly activities of each organisation and an up-to-date chart providing a clear overview of the member states of each organisation. In addition, a number of articles on topics of general interest are included in each volume. A general index by subject and name, and a cumulative index of all the articles which have appeared in the "Yearbook," are included in every volume and provide direct access to the "Yearbook"'s subject matter. Each volume contains a comprehensive bibliography covering the year's relevant publications. This is an indispensable work of reference for anyone dealing with the European institutions.


Author:

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published:

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9251388776

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The Origin and Evolution of Investment Treaty Standards

The Origin and Evolution of Investment Treaty Standards

Author: Federico Ortino

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2019-12-05

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 0192580221

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This book provides a conceptual and legal analysis of the core of investment protection guarantees that emerge from international treaties signed since 1959 for the promotion and protection of foreign investment. It focuses on both the origin and evolution of investment treaty standards. Beginning with origins, the work considers the broader context at the time when the first modern investment treaty was concluded. It goes on to examine the many decisions of ad hoc arbitral tribunals that have since been called upon to apply these treaties in order to resolve the several hundred investor-State disputes. It also looks at some of the recent investment treaties that have attempted to clarify and/or reform the content and scope of investment protection guarantees. Federico Ortino posits that the key investment protection provisions in investment treaties, and thus much of the controversy associated with such treaties, revolve around three concepts: legal stability, investment's value, and reasonableness. He argues that, from the very beginning, the protections afforded to foreign investments by modern investment treaties have been exceptionally broad, and as such restrictive of host States' ability to regulate. And whilst a growing number of investment treaty tribunals, as well as new investment treaties, have to some extent reined in such broad protections, the evolution of key investment protection standards has been marred by inconsistency and uncertainty.


French Investment in Colonial Cameroon

French Investment in Colonial Cameroon

Author: Martin-René Atangana

Publisher: Peter Lang

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13: 9781433104640

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French Investment in Colonial Cameroon: The FIDES Era (1946-1957) analyzes French investments in Cameroon during the era of the program for the development of French colonies known as FIDES. It offers not only a description of the economic structures of colonial Cameroon, but also an analysis of French public and private investment in Cameroon, the Franco-Cameroonian economic and financial relationship, the contribution of Cameroon to the dynamics of French capitalism, and the role played by French capitalism in the economic development of Cameroon. It is particularly useful for its detailed financial evaluation and assessment of the various effects of FIDES investment in Cameroon and includes numerous tables and figures. French Investment in Colonial Cameroon: The FIDES Era (1946-1957) is based on a variety of sources collected in Cameroon, France, and the United States and will be useful for instructors teaching courses related to colonial, modern, or contemporary Africa, the economic history of Africa, and French colonial history, and to all interested in these subjects.


Commentaries on Selected Model Investment Treaties

Commentaries on Selected Model Investment Treaties

Author: Chester Brown

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2013-01-17

Total Pages: 1018

ISBN-13: 0191651966

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The existing literature on the substantive and procedural aspects of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) relies heavily on investment treaty arbitration decisions as a source of law. What is missing is a comprehensive, analytical review of state practice. This volume fills this gap, providing detailed analyses of the investment treaty policy and practice of nineteen leading capital-exporting states and emerging market economies. The authors are leading experts in government, academia, and private legal practice, and their chapters are largely based on primary source materials. Each chapter provides a description of the regulatory or policy framework governing foreign investment (both inflows and outflows) with a historical presentation of the state's Model BIT; an examination of internal government processes and practices relating to treaty negotiation, conclusion, ratification and record-keeping; and a detailed article-by-article analytical commentary of the state's Model BIT, elucidating the policy behind each provision and highlighting the ways in which the actual investment treaty practice of that state deviates from this standard text. This commentary is supplemented by the case law relevant to that state's investment treaties. This commentary will be of immense assistance to counsel and arbitrators engaged in arguing and determining the proper interpretation of BITs and investment chapters in Free Trade Agreements, and to government officials and scholars engaged in BIT policy formulation and implementation. It will serve as a standard resource for legal practitioners, scholars, policy-makers and other stakeholders in the field of international investment policy, law, and arbitration.


Recueil Des Cours, Collected Courses 1974

Recueil Des Cours, Collected Courses 1974

Author:

Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Published: 1975-08-22

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 9789028605251

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The Academy is a prestigious international institution for the study and teaching of Public and Private International Law and related subjects. This work of the Hague Academy aims to encourage an impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law.