LEBANON
Author: United States. Department of the Army
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 281
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRead and Download eBook Full
Author: United States. Department of the Army
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 281
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: United States. Department of the Army
Publisher:
Published: 1969
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Andrew Arsan
Publisher: Hurst & Company
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 534
ISBN-13: 1849047006
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA reflective examination of everyday life in Lebanon in times of precarity and political torpor.
Author: USA International Business Publications
Publisher:
Published: 2001-05-01
Total Pages: 400
ISBN-13: 9780739779057
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Global Investment and Business Center, Inc. Staff
Publisher:
Published: 1999-05-01
Total Pages: 350
ISBN-13: 9780739714928
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: William Harris
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2012-06-12
Total Pages: 387
ISBN-13: 0199720592
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn this impressive synthesis, William Harris narrates the history of the sectarian communities of Mount Lebanon and its vicinity. He offers a fresh perspective on the antecedents of modern multi-communal Lebanon, tracing the consolidation of Lebanon's Christian, Muslim, and Islamic derived sects from their origins between the sixth and eleventh centuries. The identities of Maronite Christians, Twelver Shia Muslims, and Druze, the mountain communities, developed alongside assertions of local chiefs under external powers from the Umayyads to the Ottomans. The chiefs began interacting in a common arena when Druze lord Fakhr al-Din Ma'n achieved domination of the mountain within the Ottoman imperial framework in the early seventeenth century. Harris knits together the subsequent interplay of the elite under the Sunni Muslim Shihab relatives of the Ma'ns after 1697 with demographic instability as Maronites overtook Shia as the largest community and expanded into Druze districts. By the 1840s many Maronites conceived the common arena as their patrimony. Maronite/Druze conflict ensued. Modern Lebanon arose out of European and Ottoman intervention in the 1860s to secure sectarian peace in a special province. In 1920, after the Ottoman collapse, France and the Maronites enlarged the province into the modern country, with a pluralism of communal minorities headed by Maronite Christians and Sunni Muslims. The book considers the flowering of this pluralism in the mid-twentieth century, and the strains of new demographic shifts and of social resentment in an open economy. External intrusions after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war rendered Lebanon's contradictions unmanageable and the country fell apart. Harris contends that Lebanon has not found a new equilibrium and has not transcended its sects. In the early twenty-first century there is an uneasy duality: Shia have largely recovered the weight they possessed in the sixteenth century, but Christians, Sunnis, and Druze are two-thirds of the country. This book offers readers a clear understanding of how modern Lebanon acquired its precarious social intricacy and its singular political character.