Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.
Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.
The grammatical category of (sentence) mood has been of central interest to many branches of linguistics, including linguistic typology and systemic functional linguistics. This book is a successful integration of the typological and systemic functional approaches to mood, aiming to investigate the commonalities and variations across languages in both mood system and mood structure. To this aim, it establishes a geographically, genetically and typologically representative sample of 60 languages and provides detailed systemic functional descriptions of the mood system and mood structure of these languages. Based on such descriptions, it makes cross-linguistic comparisons of the mood system and mood structure of the languages in the sample. Structurally, it explores the cross-linguistic commonalities and variations in (i) the realizations of some major functional elements in mood structure, (ii) the realizations of mood options and (iii) the realizations of mood system. Systemically, it investigates how languages resemble and vary from each other in (i) the subtypes of major mood types, (ii) the organization of mood system and (iii) the semantic dimensions along which mood system is elaborated further in delicacy. Moreover, building on the descriptions and comparisons, it makes some generalizations about the structural and systemic features of mood and proposes some tentative explanations for the commonalities and variations languages display in mood system and mood structure. This book is an empirical and holistic approach to the typology of mood and contributes to a deeper understanding of the grammatical category. It is of special interest to systemic functional linguists, typologists, grammarians and descriptive linguists.
Throughout the last decade, the Baltic states have played an active role in regional and international language technology activities, supporting less-resourced languages in the digital age. This book presents the proceedings of the 7th International Conference: Human Language Technologies – The Baltic Perspective (Baltic HLT 2016), held in Riga, Latvia, in October 2016. Baltic HLT 2016 provided a forum for sharing ideas and recent advances in human language processing with a special focus on less-resourced languages. Papers selected for the conference cover a wide range of topics, including a general overview of language technology progress in the Baltic states, actual research topics in written and spoken language processing, the creation of language resources and their applications, and proposals for a European language platform. The book is divided into five sections: overview; speech technologies and corpora; machine translation; written language resources; and methods and tools for language processing. The book will be a useful resource, not only for Baltic language researchers, but also for those working with other less-resourced languages in Europe and beyond.
This second edition of Finnish: An Essential Grammar has undergone profound revisions. The chapter on basic sentence structure has been rewritten and syntax has been given more space. Sections have been added on phrase types, simple clause types, and types of complex sentences. A section on discourse particles has been added. The vocabulary of the copious example sentences has been updated to give it a touch of the twenty-first century. The section on modern colloquial Finnish has been considerably expanded. Internet addresses helpful for any learner of Finnish are provided which make is possible to automatically analyse the grammatical structure of any Finnish words and sentences. It gives not only a systematic account of the structures of the written language, but also features the characteristics of colloquial Finnish. No prior knowledge is assumed on the part of the reader and grammatical rules are clearly explained without jargon. Features include: pronunciation guide, including the tendencies in present-day colloquial Finnish thorough descriptions of morphology (word structure) and syntax (sentence structure) clear rules and an abundance of concrete examples inflection tables subject index internet addresses to online software for grammatical analysis of Finnish. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Finnish independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.
Ideal for native speakers and learners alike, this clear guide to the grammar of modern English will help students speak and write English with greater confidence.
The new, sixth and thoroughly updated edition of Bradt's Latvia remains the only standalone guide to this fascinating, ever-changing Baltic nation. This small, enchantingly varied country will appeal to culture vultures, history buffs, outdoors enthusiasts and foodies alike. Connections to the US abound: Prime Minister Krisjānis Kariņs was born in Delaware, while famous US-based Latvians include tailor Jacob Davies, credited with inventing jeans, and abstract Expressionist Mark Rothko.Latvia is best known internationally through its capital city Riga, whose centre is a UNESCO World Heritage site combining a medieval core providing testimony of its importance as a port of the Hanseatic League and an outer area containing the most extensive assemblage of Art Nouveau buildings in Europe. Latvia is larger than West Virginia yet, with a population of under two million, is one of Europe's most verdant countries. A low-lying landscape of forests, lakes and marshes offers an increasing range of rural tourism options facilitated by recent EU infrastructural investments. Why not go hiking or kayaking in Gauja National Park, go cycling or explore Latgale's lakes? In summer, Latvia's Baltic Sea coast comes into its own: over 300 miles long, much comprising pristine sandy beaches backed by dunes. Seaside options range from cosmopolitan Jūrmala, once a favoured holiday destination of the Soviet elite, to out of the way idyllic spots the visitor will have to themselves. Latvia's complex history results in tourist attractions ranging from medieval castles to the Baroque splendour of Rundāle Palace, and from Daugavpils's Mark Rothko arts centre to a once-secret Soviet nuclear bunker. Latvian culture and identity reaches peak expression in the five-yearly Song and Dance Festival, involving forty thousand performers, but some prefer to relax in a combination of traditional saunas and modern spas. For something completely different, you could even visit Karosta former military prison, where the intrepid can book a night in a cell, sleeping on an iron bunk.Balancing coverage of the country's cultural attractions with guidance on where and how to enjoy its natural environment, Bradt's Latvia is the perfect guidebook to inform and inspire your visit.
Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Vietnamese. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Features include: Clear and up-to-date examples of modern usage. Special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners. Vietnamese / English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. The final section covers pronunciation, providing an introduction to the syllable structure of Vietnamese, and highlighting common errors made by English-speaking learners. Accompanying audio tracks for this chapter are available at www.routledge.com/9781138210707. Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.
Praise for the First Edition “essential reading for any physical scientist who is interested in performing biological research.” ?Contemporary Physics "an ambitious text.... Each chapter contains protocols and the conceptual reasoning behind them, which is often useful to physicists performing biological experiments for the first time." –Physics Today This fully updated and expanded text is the best starting point for any student or researcher in the physical sciences to gain firm grounding in the techniques employed in molecular biophysics and quantitative biology. It includes brand new chapters on gene expression techniques, advanced techniques in biological light microscopy (super-resolution, two-photon, and fluorescence lifetime imaging), holography, and gold nanoparticles used in medicine. The author shares invaluable practical tips and insider’s knowledge to simplify potentially confusing techniques. The reader is guided through easy-to-follow examples carried out from start to finish with practical tips and insider’s knowledge. The emphasis is on building comfort with getting hands "wet" with basic methods and finally understanding when and how to apply or adapt them to address different questions. Jay L. Nadeau is a scientific researcher and head of the Biomedical Engineering in Advanced Applications of Quantum, Oscillatory, and Nanotechnological Systems (BEAAQONS) lab at Caltech and was previously associate professor of biomedical engineering and physics at McGill University.
