La narrativa oral como elemento favorecedor del desarrollo del vocabulario en la etapa 3-6 años

La narrativa oral como elemento favorecedor del desarrollo del vocabulario en la etapa 3-6 años

Author: María Soledad Torán Poggio

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Desde el nacimiento se inician las bases del lenguaje, procesos simbólicos, el desarrollo cognitivo, la socialización, la psicomotricidad, interiorización de normas, creencias y principios de los contextos donde el niño convivirá (Arízcun y Retortillo, 1999; Gútiez, 2005). Los mecanismos para la adquisición del lenguaje son la acción y la imitación (Crystal, 1983). El ambiente, la calidad de la retroalimentación, la estimulación imitativa de quien interactúa con el niño y la diversidad de contextos comunicativos son factores decisivos. Los estilos y modelos de habla están relacionados con factores socioculturales y ofrecerán al niño un input lingüístico diferente (Bosch, Ramón-Casas, Solé, Nácar, Iriondo, 2011). El vocabulario constituye el soporte para la asimilación de nuevos conceptos (Boehm, 1971, 2000; Guerrero y López, 1993; Izquierdo, 2005; Suárez, Moreno y Godoy, 2010; Morales, 2013). La LOMCE (2013) contempla la adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje como objetivo curricular de EI imprescindible para el acceso a otros aprendizajes. El desarrollo lingüístico puede verse comprometido en niños de riesgo. La escuela, como espacio privilegiado para su detección, intervención y prevención (Gútiez, 2005) actúa como compensadora de situaciones de desventaja. Tomando como referencia la secuencia de adquisición del lenguaje del niño con desarrollo madurativo normal y conforme a las bases cognitivas del lenguaje (Santiuste, 2000), resaltamos sus funciones (Halliday, 1973,1975), los aspectos semántico-pragmáticos y los sistemas utilizados por los adultos para transmitir el lenguaje oral (Rondal, 1983). La narrativa oral estimula este aprendizaje a través del juego y la repetición. Será fundamental no sólo el contenido sino la situación de aprendizaje y el papel del niño y adulto en ella. Estudiamos adicionalmente la variedad de soportes de presentación y su frecuencia de uso. METODO Muestra: formada por 277 niños de 4 años, de 2o curso de 2o Ciclo de EI (153 niños y 124 niñas); sus padres y profesores de colegios concertados y privados de la CM, sin diagnóstico de trastornos del lenguaje. El nivel socioeconómico familiar es medio. Tipo de investigación, técnicas e instrumentos: Metodología complementaria, cualitativa (entrevista con el niño y cuestionarios para niños, docentes y padres) para conocer los hábitos y rutinas familiares y escolares en relación a la narrativa oral, tipos soportes y frecuencia de uso y cuantitativa (Test de Conceptos Básicos de Boehm). El juicio de expertos, el análisis del nivel de vocabulario y la triangulación metodológica garantizan la validez y fiabilidad de la investigación, que se lleva a cabo en dos fases: un estudio previo descriptivo de los niveles de vocabulario y características de los niños, de sus padres y profesores, y un estudio correlacional de las variables. La hipótesis general afirma que el nivel de vocabulario de los niños de 3-6 años se relaciona con el uso de la narrativa oral y con sus condiciones biológicas, contextuales y pedagógicas. Tratamiento de datos: Para el análisis descriptivo se utiliza el SPSS y los resultados se presentan en tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes de cada variable y en tablas de contingencia. Para el correlacional, tablas de rangos y se utiliza la U de Mann-Whitney, la H de Kruskal-Wallis y la Chi Cuadrado. RESULTADOS Los niños que reconocen que nunca les cuentan cuentos obtienen una media de aciertos inferior a la de la prueba y el grupo que afirma que sí muestra mayor nivel de vocabulario. El soporte de la narrativa oral, así como las condiciones biológicas, contextuales y pedagógicas del niño se relacionan con su nivel de vocabulario.


Biliteracy from the Start

Biliteracy from the Start

Author: Kathy Escamilla

Publisher: Brookes Publishing Company

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781934000137

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Biliteracy from the Start: Literacy Squared in Action shows bilingual education teachers, administrators, and leadership teams how to plan, implement, monitor, and strengthen biliteracy instruction that builds on students' linguistic resources in two languages, beginning in kindergarten. Escamilla and her team present a holistic biliteracy framework that is at the heart of their action-oriented Literacy Squared school-based project. Teachers learn to develop holistic biliteracy instruction units, lesson plans, and assessments that place Spanish and English side by side. Educators also learn to teach to students' potential within empirically based, scaffolded, biliteracy zones and to support emerging bilinguals' trajectories toward biliteracy. Foreword by Ofelia García. Special Features Key terms and/or guiding questions introduce every chapter. Sample instruction units, lesson plans, student writing in Spanish and English, and paired writing rubrics make chapter content accessible and practical. Empirical evidence of students' reading and writing development in Spanish and English grounds presentation of trajectories toward biliteracy and scaffolded biliteracy zones. Questions for reflection and action at the end of each chapter help biliteracy educators apply key concepts to their local district and school context.


The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS)

The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS)

Author: Thomas Unger

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2015-04-18

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 0128014857

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The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications is the first comprehensive publication to signal the protective role of a distinct part of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), providing readers with early insight into a complex system which will become of major medical importance in the near future. Focusing on recent research, The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System presents a host of new experimental studies on specific components of the RAS, namely angiotensin AT2 receptors (AT2R), the angiotensin (1–7) peptide with its receptor Mas, and the enzyme ACE 2, which exert significant beneficial, health-promoting actions by counterbalancing the well-known harmful arm of the RAS with its classical angiotensin AT1 receptor. This innovative concept of the protective arm of the RAS, examined in this reference, represents an indispensable background and will be a strong support for biomedical students, researchers, cardiologists, surgeons, nephrologists, diabetologists, and endocrinologists, as well as any other physician or researcher concerned with RAS physiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. Provides a complete understanding of the protective side of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) involving angiotensin AT2 receptor, ACE2, and Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor Combines the knowledge of editors who pioneered research on the protective renin angiotensin system including; Dr. Thomas Unger, one of the founders of AT2 receptor research; Dr. Ulrike M. Steckelings, who contributed significantly to first preclinical studies with a novel specific AT2-agonist, and Dr. Robson Santos who pioneered research on angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor Mas. Shows that the protective RAS axes are able to ameliorate the course of several cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and neurological diseases Provides the basis for the understanding of a novel therapeutic approach to stimulate components of the protective arm of the RAS.


The Cosmic Race / La Raza Cosmica

The Cosmic Race / La Raza Cosmica

Author: José Vasconcelos

Publisher: JHU Press

Published: 1997-08-13

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 9780801856556

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In this influential 1925 essay, presented here in Spanish and English, José Vasconcelos predicted the coming of a new age, the Aesthetic Era, in which joy, love, fantasy, and creativity would prevail over the rationalism he saw as dominating the present age. In this new age, marriages would no longer be dictated by necessity or convenience, but by love and beauty; ethnic obstacles, already in the process of being broken down, especially in Latin America, would disappear altogether, giving birth to a fully mixed race, a "cosmic race," in which all the better qualities of each race would persist by the natural selection of love.


Sexism and Stereotypes in Modern Society

Sexism and Stereotypes in Modern Society

Author: William B. Swann

Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 9781557985316

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Once the province of a small group of theorists and researchers operating on the periphery of psychological science, gender research has charged into the psychological mainstream during the last two decades. In large measure, Janet T. Spence has been responsible for this transformation, challenging the traditional ideas of fundamental difference between men and women. The simple idea of difference, once used to rationalize prejudices and discrimination, has now been replaced by a complex, sophisticated awareness of how gender is constructed and maintained. This book explores new empirical work and theoretical models about the causes and consequences of constructing gender.


The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes

The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes

Author: Anthony J. Cascardi

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2002-10-17

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 0521663873

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Don Quixote de la Mancha (1605) is one of the classic texts of Western literature and the foundation of European fiction. Yet Cervantes himself remains an enigmatic figure. The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes offers a comprehensive treatment of Cervantes life and work, including his lesser known writing. The essays, by some of the most outstanding scholars in the field, cover the historical and political context of Cervantes writing, his place in Renaissance culture, and the role of his masterpiece, Don Quixote, in the formation of the modern novel. They draw on contemporary critical perspectives to shed new light on Cervantes work, including the Exemplary Novels , the plays and dramatic interludes, and the long romances, Galatea and Persiles. The volume provides useful supporting material for students; suggestions for further reading, a detailed chronology, a complete list of his published writings, an overview of translations and editions, and a guide to electronic resources.


Language, Interaction and Social Cognition

Language, Interaction and Social Cognition

Author: G. R. Semin

Publisher: Sage Publications (CA)

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13:

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The importance of language is increasingly acknowledged within social psychology. In this seminal book, a group of distinguished authors goes beyond general theory to address, from a research base, key issues in the interrelationship between language, interaction and social cognition. Their starting point is that the ways in which we perceive and, therefore, interact with others are structured by the language available to us, as a socially constructed system above and beyond individual minds. The relationship between language and social cognition is not, however, a fixed or unicausal one: linguistic terms are also generated in response to social and cultural development. The interplay is dialectical - a dialectic of the social. The authors explore this dialectic through such themes as: the use and power of category labels; trait-behaviour relations in social information processing; and interpersonal verbs and attribution. They examine the significance of language use in the persistence of stereotypes, and the links between syntactical reasoning processes and social cognition, as well as the impact of perspectivity. They consider the ways in which communication roles and context shape, and are shaped by, language. Language, Interaction and Social Cognition will be essential reading for all those in social psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics and communication studies concerned with the role of language in interaction and social cognition.