Kinship, Honour and Money in Rural Pakistan

Kinship, Honour and Money in Rural Pakistan

Author: Alain Lefebvre

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-03-05

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 1136806040

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International migration is favoured by the governments of many poorer countries despite often well-publicized abuses affecting individual migrant workers. Not only is local unemployment reduced but also it is expected that the migrants will learn new skills, with many even becoming entrepreneurs on their return home. Meantime they are seen as a source of foreign remittances, providing needed capital for economic development. Such is the attitude in Pakistan from where thousands of migrant workers leave every year for the Gulf states especially. An anthropological study approaching this issue from a local (village) level, this book focuses on two areas of the Punjab. Describing the historical passage of rural life from pre-colonial times to the present, it shows how the rural economy of the Punjab was not transformed by the green revolution - on the contrary, it is still a subsistence economy. The resulting poverty combined with Pakistan's labour-market policies forces many Punjabi men to seek work abroad, in turn bringing changes to the economic role of the women left behind. Remittances from abroad have brought further changes on the economic and social life of the villages but not, as expected, to bring economic development let alone capital or entrepreneurialism to the area.


Transnational Pakistani Connections

Transnational Pakistani Connections

Author: Katharine Charsley

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-11-12

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1134605455

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Since restrictions on commonwealth labour immigration to Britain in the 1960s, marriage has been the dominant form of migration between Pakistan and the UK. Most transnational Pakistani marriages are between cousins or other more distant relatives, lending a particular texture to this transnational social field. Based on research in Britain and Pakistan, this book provides a rounded portrayal incorporating the emotional motivations for, and content of, these transnational unions. The book explores the experiences of families and individuals involved, including the neglected experiences of migrant husbands, and charts the management of the risks of contracting transnational marriages, as well as examining the consequences in cases when marriages run into conflict. Equally, however, the book explores the attractions of marrying ‘back home’, and the role of transnational marriage in maintaining bonds between people and places. Marriage emerges as a crucial, but dynamic and contested, element of Pakistani transnational connections. This book is of interest to students and scholars in the fields of migration studies, kinship/the family and South Asian studies, as well as social work, family law and immigration.


Kinship, Patriarchal Structure and Women's Bargaining with Patriarchy in Rural Sindh, Pakistan

Kinship, Patriarchal Structure and Women's Bargaining with Patriarchy in Rural Sindh, Pakistan

Author: Nadia Agha

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789811668609

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Elaborating on gendered power relations in a little-known area of Pakistan, Nadia Agha explores how women in the cultural context of Khairpur actively participate in mitigating their own subordination by 'playing by the cultural rules' and hence ensure their economic survival. As poverty and social insecurity are at the foundation of why women must acquiesce to patriarchal control, she shows how they often adopt survival strategies to enable their agency to gain societal approval within prevailing strict patriarchal boundaries. Professor Agha deftly shows that when women make choices to accommodate others, this is often actually a strategy they can use to gain some semblance of power. This is an important contribution to our understanding of choices women make within patriarchy in South Asia and how they can eke out some power by doing so. Professor Anita M. Weiss, International Studies, University of Oregon, Author of Interpreting Islam, Modernity and Women's Rights in Pakistan (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) and Countering Violent Extremism in Pakistan: Local Actions, Local Voices (Oxford University Press, 2020) The book provides insights into the prevailing patriarchal system in rural Pakistan. It elaborates on the kinship system in rural Sindh and explores how young married women strategize and negotiate with patriarchy. Drawing on qualitative methodologies, the book reveals the strong relationship between poverty and the perpetuation of patriarchy. Women's strategies help elevate their position in their families, such as attention to household tasks, producing children, and doing handicraft work for their well-being. These conditions are usually seen as evidence of women's subordination, but these are also strategies for survival where accommodation to patriarchy wins them approval. The book concludes that women's life-long struggle is, in fact, a technique of negotiating with patriarchy. In so doing, they internalize the culture that rests on their subordination and reproduce it in older age in exercising power by oppressing other junior women. Dr. Nadia Agha is Associate Professor in Sociology at Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan. She has a doctorate in Women's Studies from the University of York, England. Her recent work has been published in the Asian Journal of Social Science, Journal of Research in Gender Studies, Health Education and Journal of International Women's Studies.


Politics of Socio-Spatial Transformation in Pakistan

Politics of Socio-Spatial Transformation in Pakistan

Author: Asad Ur Rehman

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-09-22

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 100095207X

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Politics of Socio-Spatial Transformation in Pakistan analyses the relationship between socio-spatial transformation, styles of leadership and nature of constituents in Pakistan. It examines the way social change influences politics and leadership in its most populated province. Offering a unique viewpoint to study the relationship between politics and social change by examining the nature of relationship between leaders and their constituents, the author introduces the concept of Gradients of Engagements. The book describes the way values of engagement (Talluq) and styles of leadership mediate engagements among politicians, citizens and state bureaucracy in villages and small towns of Pakistani Punjab. Starting with the mapping of socio-economic and spatio-demographic non-metropolitan locales, the book illustrates the centrality of the processes of "rurbanization" and "governmentalization". It points out how political leaders mediate these processes, personal and public demands of their constituents’ invoking claims or representativeness and public service. The author breaks engagements between leaders and constituents into four gradients of representation (elections), public service delivery (development), everyday problem-solving (governance) and collective action, thus providing a contextualized and grounded comprehension of the process democratization and its substantive and performative aspects. In addition to providing a historical sketch of economic development, evolution of social organization and development of political institutions in Punjab, the book includes an ethnography of political elites and study of everyday political engagements to show how the styles of leadership mediates the process of institutional development and public service delivery in "rurban" Punjab. A novel contribution to the study of political processes such as state formation, collective action, representation, and citizenship in a comparative manner embedded in space and informed by cultural meanings, the book will be of interest to researchers studying South Asian, Pakistan and Punjab/Sikh studies, Development Studies and Urban Studies.


Invisible Crimes and Social Harms

Invisible Crimes and Social Harms

Author: P. Davies

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-11-05

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 1137347821

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This unique collection explores the continuing invisibility of much crime and victimization, and the lack of adequate responses to them. Shaping the lens through which criminology and victimology is approached in the twenty-first century, the volume examines major issues including (in)justice, risks, rights, regulation and enforcement.


Remittance Income and Social Resilience among Migrant Households in Rural Bangladesh

Remittance Income and Social Resilience among Migrant Households in Rural Bangladesh

Author: Mohammad Jalal Uddin Sikder

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-09-30

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 1137577711

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This book examines how migrant remittances contribute to household social resilience in rural Bangladesh. Using a mixed methods approach, the authors show that remittances play a crucial role in enhancing the life chances and economic livelihoods of rural households, and that remittance income enables households to overcome immediate pressures, adapt to economic and environmental change, build economic and cultural capital, and provide greater certainty in planning for the future. However, the book also reveals that the social and economic benefits of remittances are not experienced equally by all households. Rural village households endure a precarious existence and the potentially positive outcomes of remittances can easily be undermined by a range of external and household-specific factors leading to few, if any, benefits in terms of household social resilience.


Globalisation, Employment and Mobility

Globalisation, Employment and Mobility

Author: H. Sato

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2008-07-24

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 0230227759

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There are numerous labour and employment issues facing South Asia in this era of growth. With critical examination of ongoing labour reforms, and using extensive field surveys, this book will be of interest to all seeking an analysis of labour economics, labour laws, economic growth and globalization in South Asia.


The Pakistan Paradox

The Pakistan Paradox

Author: Christophe Jaffrelot

Publisher: Random House India

Published: 2016-06-16

Total Pages: 525

ISBN-13: 8184007078

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The idea of Pakistan stands riddled with tensions. Initiated by a small group of select Urdu-speaking Muslims who envisioned a unified Islamic state, today Pakistan suffers the divisive forces of various separatist movements and religious fundamentalism. A small entrenched elite continue to dominate the country’s corridors of power, and democratic forces and legal institutions remain weak. But despite these seemingly insurmountable problems, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan continues to endure. The Pakistan Paradox is the definitive history of democracy in Pakistan, and its survival despite ethnic strife, Islamism and deepseated elitism. This edition focuses on three kinds of tensions that are as old as Pakistan itself. The tension between the unitary definition of the nation inherited from Jinnah and centrifugal ethnic forces; between civilians and army officers who are not always in favour of or against democracy; and between the Islamists and those who define Islam only as a cultural identity marker.


Climate Change, Vulnerability and Migration

Climate Change, Vulnerability and Migration

Author: S. Irudaya Rajan

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2017-09-22

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 1351375571

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This book highlights how climate change has affected migration in the Indian subcontinent. Drawing on field research, it argues that extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, cyclones, cloudbursts as well as sea-level rise, desertification and declining crop productivity have shown higher frequency in recent times and have depleted bio-physical diversity and the capacity of the ecosystem to provide food and livelihood security. The volume shows how the socio-economically poor are worst affected in these circumstances and resort to migration to survive. The essays in the volume study the role of remittances sent by migrants to their families in environmentally fragile zones in providing an important cushion and adaptation capabilities to cope with extreme weather events. The book looks at the socio-economic and political drivers of migration, different forms of mobility, mortality and morbidity levels in the affected population, and discusses mitigation and adaption strategies. The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of environment and ecology, migration and diaspora studies, development studies, sociology and social anthropology, governance and public policy, and politics.