Jesuits and Jacobins
Jesuits and Jacobins

Author: Paul P. Bernard

Publisher: Urbana : University of Illinois Press

Published: 1971

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13:

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"Josephinism was the collective domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765?1790). During the ten years in which Joseph was the sole ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy (1780?1790), he attempted to legislate a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of the ideal Enlightened state. This provoked severe resistance from powerful forces within and outside of his empire, but ensured that he would be remembered as an "enlightened ruler."--Wikipedia.

The Jesuit Specter in Imperial Germany
The Jesuit Specter in Imperial Germany

Author: Róisín Healy

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-11-22

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 9004474323

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From 1872 to 1917 legislation banned Jesuits from Imperial Germany. Believing the Jesuits sought to control the social, political, and religious realms, the Protestant bourgeoisie championed the ban and promoted a politics of paranoia against the Jesuits. By exploiting widespread fears of the "specter" of Jesuitism, Protestants pushed their own confessional, nationalist, and often liberal agenda. Author Roisin Healy charts the path of anti-Jesuitism against the background of society, politics, and religion in Imperial Germany. The core of the book is evenly divided between an analysis of the political struggle over the passage, gradual dilution, and eventual repeal of the Jesuit Law and the main themes of anti-Jesuitism: the order's internationalism, moral theology, and scholarship. This book will interest all scholars of modern Germany, particularly those specializing in religion, nationalism, liberalism, and political mobilization.

Auguste Comte: Volume 1
Auguste Comte: Volume 1

Author: Mary Pickering

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1993-11-26

Total Pages: 792

ISBN-13: 052143405X

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The first volume of a two-volume intellectual biography of Auguste Comte, the founder of modern sociology and positivism.

The Jesuits
The Jesuits

Author: Jonathan Wright

Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13:

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The history of the Jesuits is nasty, numinous, splendid and sordid. In this all-encompassing history, Jonathan Wright unmasks the many dimensions of the Jesuit order across its life in five centuries and five continents.

Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment
Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment

Author: R. William Weisberger

Publisher: McFarland

Published: 2017-09-20

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 1476629692

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Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or "speculative Freemasonry." The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts. This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.