Jenaro Amezcua Amezcua
Jenaro Amezcua Amezcua

Author: Roberto Hern Ndez

Publisher: Palibrio

Published: 2012-11

Total Pages: 165

ISBN-13: 1463339917

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Pocos historiadores se han dedicado a estudiar a protagonistas cuasi anónimos que, por su empeño, idealismo y luchas, arriesgaron sus vidas. Al paso del tiempo fueron olvidados por las historiografías, oficializadas por los poderes surgidos de esas luchas, pero no por familiares cercanos e investigadores serios que no fueron cooptadas por "El sistema". Hay infinidad de esas historias marginadas de los textos escolares, esta es sólo una de ellas. El personaje biografiado, Jenaro Amezcua Amezcua, fue partícipe muy importante en la etapa revolucionaria del México del siglo XX (1910-1920) y posrevolucionaria (1921-1946). Incluso antes, a fines del Porfiriato, y de acuerdo a las enseñanzas de sus abuelos y su madre, se inquietó por los ideales libertarios de los campesinos y obreros explotados por las elites dominantes. Se enteró del anarquismo difundido por los hermanos Flores Magón y se inició políticamente en el movimiento reyista. Movimiento éste que impulsaba al general Bernardo Reyes para suceder a Porfirio Díaz. Movimiento que nunca fue abiertamente apoyado por el inspirador del que nació. Al conocer a Francisco I. Madero, se identificó con sus proyectos y formó uno de los primeros clubes antirreeleccionistas. Luchó por él hasta su triunfo y después se decepcionó por el trato dado a los campesinos del sur, Madero nunca entendió a Zapata. Jenaro entonces, aplicó todo su esfuerzo militar e intelectual a la causa del Ejército Libertador del Sur. Lugarteniente importante del Caudillo del Sur, representante del zapatismo en la Convención de Aguas Calientes, embajador de esa revolución agraria en la Habana, Cuba. Impulsor de las cooperativas de campesinos - Balnearios de aguas termales- en el estado de Morelos, fundador del Partido Nacional Revolucionario (1929) y después cooptado por éste para beneficio del callismo y la revolución institucionalizada. Nunca reconocido su grado de militar, ganado a pulso en la revolución zapatista, por ningún gobierno emanado de la Revolución, murió decepcionado, de ver en lo que se había convertido esa lucha, en el olvido en una pequeña habitación de una calle de la Ciudad de México. No tiene tumba, mucho menos monumento, nombre de calle o colonia en ningún lugar del México moderno. Este es un pequeño homenaje a este hombre que nunca claudicó a sus ideales de lucha por el bienestar del campesinado mexicano.

Movements After Revolution
Movements After Revolution

Author: Miles V. Rodríguez

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 0197558100

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Movements After Revolution is a history of the people's movements in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-20 that brought together industrial workers and rural communities to fight for a vast array of demands and diverse forms of justice.

The Posthumous Career of Emiliano Zapata
The Posthumous Career of Emiliano Zapata

Author: Samuel Brunk

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 2008-10-01

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 0292717806

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Before there was Che Guevara, there was Emiliano Zapata, the charismatic revolutionary who left indelible marks on Mexican politics and society. The sequel to Samuel Brunk's 1995 biography of Zapata, The Posthumous Career of Emiliano Zapata traces the power and impact of this ubiquitous, immortalized figure. Mining the massive extant literature on Zapata, supplemented by archival documents and historical newspaper accounts, Brunk explores frameworks of myth and commemoration while responding to key questions regarding the regime that emerged from the Zapatista movement, including whether it was spawned by a genuinely "popular" revolution. Blending a sophisticated analysis of hegemonic systems and nationalism with lively, accessible accounts of ways in which the rebel is continually resurrected decades after his death in a 1919 ambush, Brunk delves into a rich realm of artistic, geographical, militaristic, and ultimately all-encompassing applications of this charismatic icon. Examining all perspectives, from politicized commemorations of Zapata's death to popular stories and corridos, The Posthumous Career of Emiliano Zapata is an eloquent, engaging portrait of a legend incarnate.

Matters of Justice
Matters of Justice

Author: Helga Baitenmann

Publisher: U of Nebraska Press

Published: 2020-05-01

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 1496215583

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After the fall of the Porfirio Díaz regime, pueblo representatives sent hundreds of petitions to Pres. Francisco I. Madero, demanding that the executive branch of government assume the judiciary’s control over their unresolved lawsuits against landowners, local bosses, and other villages. The Madero administration tried to use existing laws to settle land conflicts but always stopped short of invading judicial authority. In contrast, the two main agrarian reform programs undertaken in revolutionary Mexico—those implemented by Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza—subordinated the judiciary to the executive branch and thereby reshaped the postrevolutionary state with the support of villagers, who actively sided with one branch of government over another. In Matters of Justice Helga Baitenmann offers the first detailed account of the Zapatista and Carrancista agrarian reform programs as they were implemented in practice at the local level and then reconfigured in response to unanticipated inter- and intravillage conflicts. Ultimately, the Zapatista land reform, which sought to redistribute land throughout the country, remained an unfulfilled utopia. In contrast, Carrancista laws, intended to resolve quickly an urgent problem in a time of war, had lasting effects on the legal rights of millions of land beneficiaries and accidentally became the pillar of a program that redistributed about half the national territory.

Revolution and the Millennium
Revolution and the Millennium

Author: James F. Rinehart

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 1997-10-30

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 0313389322

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An interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, cross-historical analysis of three 20th-century non-Western revolutionary societies—China, Mexico, and Iran—that were profoundly impinged upon by European and American imperialism. The study explores the role of apocalyptic beliefs in radical movements bent on sociopolitical transformation. It concludes that millennial expectations performed important and similar preparatory, leadership, and therapeutic functions in each case. Millenarian movements are powerful and emotional social movements that expect an immediate, collective, total, this-worldly, supernatural salvation and transformation of society. They anticipate the complete destruction of the existing sociopolitical and economic order, which they assert will be followed by a new and perfect society. This study provides an interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, cross-historical analysis of three 20th-century non-Western revolutionary societies that were profoundly impinged upon by European and American imperialism. It seeks to explore the functional role of millenarianism in these three revolutions. In all three cases, millenarianism prepared the way for revolutionary transformation. It acted as a catalyst for action among that group of the most ardent revolutionists who were willing to pay any price to achieve what they were convinced was the inevitable goal of a utopian society. Millenarianism created the potential for charismatic leadership to emerge. It functioned as a doctrinal platform that awaited the opportunity to elevate a prophetic revolutionary leader to take control. Finally, millenarianism performed a therapeutic, identity, and cathartic function by providing the doctrinal foundation and an effective organization for a social healing process to take place. A challenge to conventional arguments on the origins and outcomes of revolutions, this study will be of great interest to scholars and researchers in comparative politics, sociology, and religion.

Zapata and the Mexican Revolution
Zapata and the Mexican Revolution

Author: John Womack

Publisher: Vintage

Published: 2011-07-27

Total Pages: 480

ISBN-13: 0307803325

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This essential volume recalls the activities of Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919), a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution; he formed and commanded an important revolutionary force during this conflict. Womack focuses attention on Zapata's activities and his home state of Morelos during the Revolution. Zapata quickly rose from his position as a peasant leader in a village seeking agrarian reform. Zapata's dedication to the cause of land rights made him a hero to the people. Womack describes the contributing factors and conditions preceding the Mexican Revolution, creating a narrative that examines political and agrarian transformations on local and national levels.

Twentieth-century Mexico
Twentieth-century Mexico

Author: William Dirk Raat

Publisher: U of Nebraska Press

Published: 1986-01-01

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 9780803289147

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The Mexican revolution began in 1910 with high hopes and a multitude of spokesmen clamoring for a better life for ordinary Mexicans. This anthology examines how the revolution brought change and often progress. Women, the landless, the poor, the country folk are among those receiving consideration in the twenty-seven readings, which range from political and economic to social and intellectual history. About half of the selections are previously unpublished. Combining the best new scholarship by modern historians; outstanding work by distinguished Mexicanists of the past; excerpts from mexico's finest fiction, poetry, and commentary; reminiscence; cartoons and illustrations, Twentieth-Century Mexico brilliantly illuminates the Mexican experience from Porfirio D�az to petrodollars. The concluding chapter ties together the strands of twentieth-century Mexican culture to help U.S. readers understand not only Mexico's present situation but also its relations with the Colossus of the North. Like its predecessor, Mexico: From Independence to Revolution (UNP, 1982), this book includes suggestions for further reading and an index.

The Return of Comrade Ricardo Flores Magón
The Return of Comrade Ricardo Flores Magón

Author: Claudio Lomnitz

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2014-03-07

Total Pages: 641

ISBN-13: 1935408593

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A tale, never before told, of anarchy, cooperation, and betrayal at the margins of the Mexican revolution. In this long-awaited book, Claudio Lomnitz tells a groundbreaking story about the experiences and ideology of American and Mexican revolutionary collaborators of the Mexican anarchist Ricardo Flores Magón. Drawing on extensive research in Mexico and the United States, Lomnitz explores the rich, complicated, and virtually unknown lives of Flores Magón and his comrades devoted to the “Mexican Cause.” This anthropological history of anarchy, cooperation, and betrayal seeks to capture the experience of dedicated militants who themselves struggled to understand their role and place at the margins of the Mexican Revolution. For them, the revolution was untranslatable, a pure but deaf subversion: La revolución es la revolución—“The Revolution is the Revolution.” For Lomnitz, the experiences of Flores Magón and his comrades reveal the meaning of this phrase. The Return of Comrade Ricardo Flores Magón tracks the lives of John Kenneth Turner, Ethel Duffy, Elizabeth Trowbridge, Ricardo Flores Magón, Lázaro Gutiérrez de Lara, and others, to illuminate the reciprocal relationship between personal and collective ideology and action. It is an epic and tragic tale, never before told, about camaraderie and disillusionment in the first transnational grassroots political movement to span the U.S.-Mexican border. The Return of Comrade Ricardo Flores Magón will change not only how we think about the Mexican Revolution but also how we understand revolutionary action and passion.

Stumbling Its Way Through Mexico
Stumbling Its Way Through Mexico

Author: Daniela Spenser

Publisher: University of Alabama Press

Published: 2011-07-15

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 0817317368

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Based on documents found principally in the Soviet archives recently opened to the public, Stumbling Its Way through Mexico is an invitation to rethink the history of Communism in Mexico and Latin America.