The ISA standards 88 and 95 are manufacturing standards established in the late 1990s and periodically updated by the governing bodies responsible for them - the ISA and the WBF. The two standards set up protocols and uniform specifications for batch control systems, including types of control equipment and interpretation of batch control data.
THE WBF BOOK SERIES--ISA 88 and ISA 95 In Life Science Industries is a guide book to the ISA 88 and ISA 95 Manufacturing Protocols. The book features: -- How to set up a pharmaceutical module library using ISA 88 and how to implement ISA 88 across life Science Development Operations -- Understanding Product life cycle batches -- Case Studies on Risk-based engineering assessment and qualifications, a SCADA upgrade project, and more. The ISA (International Society of Automation) standards 88 and 95 are manufacturing standards established in the late 1990s and periodically updated by the governing bodies responsible for them -- the ISA and the WBF (World Batch Forum). The two standards set up protocols and uniform specifications for batch control systems, including types of control equipment, design of control systems and interpretation of batch control data. In Volume 1, ISA 88 and 95 are explained in the context of the pharmaceutical and medical industries. Examples of such batch processing procedures as fermentation, separation, and refinement are discussed and how the two standards affect the design of facilities and systems for performing these procedures. The ISA 88 and 95 standards have been around (and periodically updated) for nearly 20 years now, but little really helpful has been published on how to put those standards into use, particularly from a pragmatic, real-life experience point of view. The four books in this new series will do exactly that: explain to the manufacturing engineer, the controls engineers, and the industrial planner and manager alike how these standards translate into improved batch and continuous process operations -- and ultimately how those operations can be integrated and automated into general business operations (accounting, inventory, customer relations, product development) of the manufacturing concern.
Ultrasonics is a reliable and proven technology for level measurement. It has been used for decades in many diverse industries such as water treatment, mining, aggregates, cement, and plastics. Ultrasonics provides superior inventory accuracy, process control, and user safety. Understanding Ultrasonic Level Measurement is a comprehensive resource in which you will learn about the history of ultrasonics and discover insights about its systems, installation and applications. This book is designed with many user-friendly features and vital resources including: • Real-life application stories • Diagrams and recommendations that aid both the novice and advanced user in the selection and application of an ultrasonic level measurement system • Glossary of terminology
This new book, by the original developer of the BACnet standards, explains how BACnet's protocols manage all basic building functions in a seamless, integrated way. BACnet is a data communication protocol for building automation and control systems, developed within ASHRAE in cooperation with ANSI and the ISO. This book explains how BACnet works with all major control systems--including those made by Honeywell, Siemens, and Johnson Controls--to manage everything from heating to ventilation to lighting to fire control and alarm systems. BACnet is used today throughout the world for commercial and institutional buildings with complex mechanical and electrical systems. Contractors, architects, building systems engineers, and facilities managers must all be cognizant of BACnet and its applications. With a real 'seat at the table,' you'll find it easier to understand the intent and use of each of the data sharing techniques, controller requirements, and opportunities for interoperability between different manufacturers' controllers and systems. Highlights include: * A review of the history of BACnet and its essential features, including the object model, data links, network technologies, and BACnet system configurations; * Comprehensive coverage of services including object access, file access, remote device management, and BACnet-2012's new alarm and event capabilities; * Insight into future directions for BACnet, including wireless networking, network security, the use of IPv6, extensions for lifts and escalators, and a new set of BACnet Web Services; * Extensive reference appendices for all objects and services; and * Acronyms and abbreviations
Industrial communications are a multidimensional, occasionally confusing, mixture of fieldbuses, software packages, and media. The intent of this book is to make it all accessible. When industrial controls communication is understood and then installed with forethought and care, network operation can be both beneficial and painless. To that end, the book is designed to speak to you, whether you’re a beginner or interested newbie, the authors guide you through the bus route to communication success. However, this is not a how-to manual. Rather, think of it as a primer laying the groundwork for controls communication design, providing information for the curious to explore and motivation for the dedicated to go further.
The Mahalanobis-Taguchi data handling and pattern recognition system is widely established-- built and extended from the original quality control precepts of Genichi Taguchi. But the MT system is not always well understood. This new book makes the system much more vivid and concrete with real-life applications in a wide variety of disciplines from industry to general commerce. The book offers a clear computational method to show the user how to actually apply the system to real manufacturing control problems. With the renowned international industry background of the three authors and their historic ties to Genichi Taguchi, this book will bring a unique insight into how to get the most benefits from the MT System. The book offers an overview of pattern recognition issues and the precepts of the MT system. explains the merits of the MT System and its computational methods. shows how to handle data with the MT System and extract useful information. provides a useful comparison of the advantages and disadvantages between traditional Artificial Intelligence systems and the MT system. provides case study examples of MT Systems applications.
This comprehensive handbook provides a simplified, practical and innovative approach to understanding the design and manufacture of plastic products. It will expand the reader's understanding of plastics technology by defining and focusing on past, current, and future technical trends. The content is presented so that both technical and nontechnical readers can understand the interrelationships of materials to processes. Different plastic products are examined and their related critical factors are shown, from meeting performance requirements in different environments, to reducing costs and targeting for zero defects. Examples used include small to large, and simple to complex shapes. Information is included on static properties (tensile, flexural), dynamic properties (creep, fatigue, impact) and physical and chemical properties. Extensive reference sources and useful data and physical and chemical constants are also provided. Volume 2 offers detailed coverage of most major plastics processing techniques, including injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, and thermoforming.
Currently, companies have covered their business processes with stationary workstations while mobile business applications have limited relevance. Companies can cover their overall business processes more time-efficiently and cost-effectively when they integrate mobile users in workflows using mobile device features. The objective is a framework that can be used to model and control business applications for PLM processes using mobile device features to allow a totally new user experience.
This book presents a comprehensive framework for developing Industry 4.0 and 5.0 solutions through the use of ontology modeling and graph-based optimization techniques. With effective information management being critical to successful manufacturing processes, this book emphasizes the importance of adequate modeling and systematic analysis of interacting elements in the era of smart manufacturing. The book provides an extensive overview of semantic technologies and their potential to integrate with existing industrial standards, planning, and execution systems to provide efficient data processing and analysis. It also investigates the design of Industry 5.0 solutions and the need for problem-specific descriptions of production processes, operator skills and states, and sensor monitoring in intelligent spaces. The book proposes that ontology-based data can efficiently represent enterprise and manufacturing datasets. The book is divided into two parts: modeling and optimization. The semantic modeling part provides an overview of ontologies and knowledge graphs that can be used to create Industry 4.0 and 5.0 applications, with two detailed applications presented on a reproducible industrial case study. The optimization part of the book focuses on network science-based process optimization and presents various detailed applications, such as graph-based analytics, assembly line balancing, and community detection. The book is based on six key points: the need for horizontal and vertical integration in modern industry; the potential benefits of integrating semantic technologies into ERP and MES systems; the importance of optimization methods in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 concepts; the need to process large amounts of data while ensuring interoperability and re-usability factors; the potential for digital twin models to model smart factories, including big data access; and the need to integrate human factors in CPSs and provide adequate methods to facilitate collaboration and support shop floor workers.
This book presents the main methods and techniques for measuring and monitoring the accuracy of geometrical parameters of precision Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) and automated machines, including modern coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Highlights include: • Standard methods and means of testing, together with methods newly developed and tested by the authors; • Various parameters, such as straightness, perpendicularity, flatness, pitch, yaw, and roll, as well as the principal processes for measurement of these parameters; • Lists and tables of geometrical accuracy parameters, together with diagrams of arrangements for their control and evaluation of measurement results; • Special methods and some original new devices for measurement and monitoring, information measuring systems (consisting of laser interferometers, photoelectric raster encoders or scales, etc.), and methods for the measurement and testing of circular scales, length scales, and encoders; • Methods for measuring small lengths, gaps, and distances between two surfaces; • Examples showing the suitability of mechatronic methods for high accuracy correction of machines; and • Particular attention is given to the analysis of ISO written standards of accuracy control, terms and definitions, and methods for evaluation of the measurement results during performance verification.
