Invisibilising Austrian German
Invisibilising Austrian German

Author: Anna Dorothea Havinga

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-01-22

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 311054704X

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This book provides an insight into the standardisation process of German in eighteenth-century Austria. It describes how norms prescribed by grammarians were actually implemented via a school reform carried out by educationalist Johann Ignaz Felbiger on the order of Empress Maria Theresa. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were undertaken of certain Upper German features (e-apocope, the absence of the prefix ge- and the ending -t in past participles, and variants of the verb form sind) in reading primers, issues of the Wienerisches Diarium / Wiener Zeitung and petitionary letters. These reveal how such variants became increasingly 'invisible' in writing. This process of 'invisibilisation', i.e. a process of stigmatization which prevents the use of certain varieties and variants in writing, can be attributed to a number of factors: Empress Maria Theresa's appeal for a language reform, the normative work by eighteenth-century grammarians, the implementation of educational reforms, and the early introduction of East Central German variants in newspaper issues.

National and Religious Ideologies in the Construction of Educational Historiography
National and Religious Ideologies in the Construction of Educational Historiography

Author: Jil Winandy

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2022-04-19

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 1000572625

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Documenting the reception of the pre-eminent Austrian school reformer Johann Ignaz Felbiger and his pedagogical thought in European histories of education in the nineteenth century, this volume demonstrates how national and religious ideological preferences have propelled the construction of fundamental biases in educational historiography. Covering more than 200 years and multiple national contexts, this book’s case studies of France and Switzerland, as well as close analysis of historical documents and textbooks, reveal how a canon of glorified historical "heroes" have been promoted over and above other educational actors, with the aim of morally instructing future teachers according to national and religious values. Based on a strong array of historical sources, the author demonstrates how biased educational historiographies are utilized in gaining support for certain pedagogical and curricula models. Through the deep examination of textbooks used in teacher training and the explication of the work and actual influence of Felbiger’s method in Catholic parts of Europe, this book captures how these narratives impact our understanding of early national histories. Offering new knowledge in the history of curriculum studies, this volume will be of interest to scholars and researchers with an interest in the history of education, as well as comparative teacher education.

Innovation in Early Modern Catholicism
Innovation in Early Modern Catholicism

Author: Ulrich L. Lehner

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-11-29

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 1000471683

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This volume demonstrates that the Catholic rhetoric of tradition disguised both novelties and creative innovations between 1550 and 1700. Innovation in Early Modern Catholicism reveals that the period between 1550 and 1700 emerged as an intellectually vibrant atmosphere, shaped by the tensions between personal creativity and magisterial authority. The essays explore ideas about grace, physical predetermination, freedom, and probabilism in order to show how the rhetoric of innovation and tradition can be better understood. More importantly, contributors illustrate how disintegrated historiographies, which often excluded Catholicism as a source of innovation, can be overcome. Not only were new systems of metaphysics crafted in the early modern period, but so too was a new conceptual language to deal with the pressing problems of human freedom and grace, natural law, and Marian piety. Overall, the volume shines significant light on hitherto neglected or misunderstood traits in the understanding of early modern Catholic culture. Re-presenting early modern Catholicism more crucially than any other currently available study, Innovation in Early Modern Catholicism is a useful tool for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars in the fields of philosophy, early modern studies, and the history of theology.

Research Methods in Language Attitudes
Research Methods in Language Attitudes

Author: Ruth Kircher

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-07-07

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 110887116X

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Attitudes towards spoken, signed, and written language are of significant interest to researchers in sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, communication studies, and social psychology. This is the first interdisciplinary guide to traditional and cutting-edge methods for the investigation of language attitudes. Written by experts in the field, it provides an introduction to attitude theory, helps readers choose an appropriate method, and guides through research planning and design, data collection, and analysis. The chapters include step-by-step instructions to illustrate and facilitate the use of the different methods as well as case studies from a wide range of linguistic contexts. The book also goes beyond individual methods, offering guidance on how to research attitudes in multilingual communities and in signing communities, based on historical data, with the help of priming, and by means of mixed-methods approaches.

Intra-individual Variation in Language
Intra-individual Variation in Language

Author: Alexander Werth

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2021-09-07

Total Pages: 350

ISBN-13: 3110743124

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This volume offers several empirical, methodological, and theoretical approaches to the study of observable variation within individuals on various linguistic levels. With a focus on German varieties, the chapters provide answers on the following questions (inter alia): Which linguistic and extra-linguistic factors explain intra-individual variation? Is there observable intra-individual variation that cannot be explained by linguistic and extra-linguistic factors? Can group-level results be generalised to individual language usage and vice versa? Is intra-individual variation indicative of actual patterns of language change? How can intra-individual variation be examined in historical data? Consequently, the various theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches in this volume offer a better understanding of the meaning of intra-individual variation for patterns of language development, language variation and change. The inter- and transdisciplinary nature of the volume is an exciting new frontier, and the results of the studies in this book provide a wealth of new findings as well as challenges to some of the existing findings and assumptions regarding the nature of intra-individual variation.

Studying Language Change in the 21st Century
Studying Language Change in the 21st Century

Author:

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2022-08-29

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 9004510575

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The volume brings together contributions by scholars working in different theoretical frameworks interested in systematic explanation of language change and the interrelation between current linguistic theories and modern analytical tools and methodology. Τhe integrative basis of all work is the special focus on phenomena at the interface of semantics and syntax and the implications of corpus-based, quantitative analyses for researching diachrony.

From West to North Frisia
From West to North Frisia

Author: Alastair Walker

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2022-03-10

Total Pages: 504

ISBN-13: 9027258260

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This volume contains 25 articles covering a wide array of subjects, reflecting the breadth of scholarship of one of today’s leading experts in the field of Frisian Studies. The articles, written mostly in English and German, encompass a temporal range from Old Frisian to Modern Frisian and a geographical range from West Frisian in the Netherlands to Sater and North Frisian in Germany, and include Low German. Some articles initiate new fields of enquiry, e.g. uncharted areas of dialectology, others give comprehensive reviews of certain domains, e.g. the provenance of Old Frisian law texts, while a third category focusses on specific topics ranging from phonology, grammar and etymology to aspects of Frisian literature and a medieval Frisian ballad.

Cultures of Law in Urban Northern Europe
Cultures of Law in Urban Northern Europe

Author: Jackson W. Armstrong

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-11-24

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 0429557922

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Drawing together an international team of historians, lawyers and historical sociolinguists, this volume investigates urban cultures of law in Scotland, with a special focus on Aberdeen and its rich civic archive, the Low Countries, Norway, Germany and Poland from c. 1350 to c. 1650. In these essays, the contributors seek to understand how law works in its cultural and social contexts by focusing specifically on the urban experience and, to a great extent, on urban records. The contributions are concerned with understanding late medieval and early modern legal experts as well as the users of courts and legal services, the languages and records of law, and legal activities occurring inside and outside of official legal fora. This volume considers what the expectations of people at different status levels were for the use of the law, what perceptions of justice and authority existed among different groups, and what their knowledge was of law and legal procedure. By examining how different aspects of legal culture came to be recorded in writing, the contributors reveal how that writing itself then became part of a culture of law. Cultures of Law in Urban Northern Europe: Scotland and its Neighbours c.1350–c.1650 combines the historical study of law, towns, language and politics in a way that will be accessible and compelling for advanced level undergraduates and postgraduate to postdoctoral researchers and academics in medieval and early modern, urban, legal, political and linguistic history.

Historical and Sociolinguistic Approaches to French
Historical and Sociolinguistic Approaches to French

Author: Janice Carruthers

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2024-07-09

Total Pages: 481

ISBN-13: 0192647075

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This volume brings together two particularly dynamic areas of contemporary research on the French language. The chapters showcase the most innovative current scholarship in historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and in the burgeoning field of historical sociolinguistics which lies at their intersection. The research across the volume is strongly data-centred, drawing on a wide range of both well-established and more novel theoretical and methodological approaches in order to open up new perspectives on the study of the French language in the twenty-first century. Although it is written in English, the work presented here is underpinned by a range of different approaches from across the Francophone and Anglophone worlds. Particular emphasis is placed on combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, on diversifying tools, methods, and objects of inquiry, and on adopting comparative and multilingual perspectives where these shed new light on important questions relating to French. In these ways, Historical and Sociolinguistic Approaches to French highlights some of the most exciting new directions for linguistic research on the French language.

Learning to Read, Learning Religion
Learning to Read, Learning Religion

Author: Britta Juska-Bacher

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2023-01-06

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 9027254958

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Catechism primers are inconspicuous but telling little books for children combining the teaching of reading skills and religious catechesis. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, they have been produced, disseminated and used in huge numbers in many regions of the world, in particular in Europe. Remarkably, similar texts appeared across the continent, spanning confessional traditions that were in other respects highly divergent. In different places, and across the whole period, different denominations used not only similar pedagogical and religious strategies, but also shared the same formats and iconography. This volume, edited by scholars from Finland, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, is the result of a collaborative transnational and interdisciplinary effort including education, language teaching, children’s literature, book history, and religious studies. With contributions on seventeen European countries and regions, it sheds new light on a fascinating but largely neglected part of European cultural heritage, and, by establishing a comprehensive and authoritative summary of the field, offers fresh impetus for further transnational research.