Photoconductive Behavior of Lead Sulfide Films. Volume 2. Appendix IV. Photoconductivity in Chemically-Deposited Lead Sulfide Layers
Photoconductive Behavior of Lead Sulfide Films. Volume 2. Appendix IV. Photoconductivity in Chemically-Deposited Lead Sulfide Layers

Author: Svein Espevik

Publisher:

Published: 1971

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13:

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Although chemically-deposited PbS layers have been extensively studied over the last twenty-five years, the mechanism of the photoconductivity process in such layers has not been previously understood in any reliable or complete manner. Investigation of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, photoconductivity, Hall coefficient, photo-Hall effect, and thermoelectric power in such layers has been used to answer many of the common questions. Three types of layers have been investigated: (1) without added chemical oxidant in the deposition bath; (2) with a standard proportion of oxidant added; and (3) with four times the standard proportion of oxidant added. Electron microscope studies show that the layers consist of grains and intergranular regions. The author predicts on the basis of this work, that it should be possible in principle to prepare highly photosensitive PbS single crystal detectors.

Photoconductive Behavior of Lead Sulfide Films
Photoconductive Behavior of Lead Sulfide Films

Author: Donald K. Smith

Publisher:

Published: 1971

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13:

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The structure, chemical composition, and photoelectronic properties of chemically deposited PbS films have been investigated in relationship to variation in the concentration of oxidant used in the deposition. Structure and photoelectronic properties in the PbS film change as the concentration of oxidant is varied. Concomitant variations in the average chemical composition of the films are minor. It was found that the dependence of carrier density and mobility on temperature is divided into low and high temperature regions with distinct activation energies. The principal effect of photoexcitation is to increase the carrier density. Films produced without the use of oxidants are relatively insensitive. The primary electronic properties of PbS films may be described in terms of sensitizing centers located 0.23 eV below the conduction band, and in terms of intergrain barriers which limit the effective mobility. The intergrain barriers play no essential role in the photoconductive process. PbS films deposited from baths containing no oxidant lack the sensitizing centers.

Oxide Electronics
Oxide Electronics

Author: Asim K. Ray

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-04-12

Total Pages: 628

ISBN-13: 1119529476

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Oxide Electronics Multiple disciplines converge in this insightful exploration of complex metal oxides and their functions and properties Oxide Electronics delivers a broad and comprehensive exploration of complex metal oxides designed to meet the multidisciplinary needs of electrical and electronic engineers, physicists, and material scientists. The distinguished author eschews complex mathematics whenever possible and focuses on the physical and functional properties of metal oxides in each chapter. Each of the sixteen chapters featured within the book begins with an abstract and an introduction to the topic, clear explanations are presented with graphical illustrations and relevant equations throughout the book. Numerous supporting references are included, and each chapter is self-contained, making them perfect for use both as a reference and as study material. Readers will learn how and why the field of oxide electronics is a key area of research and exploitation in materials science, electrical engineering, and semiconductor physics. The book encompasses every application area where the functional and electronic properties of various genres of oxides are exploited. Readers will also learn from topics like: Thorough discussions of High-k gate oxide for silicon heterostructure MOSFET devices and semiconductor-dielectric interfaces An exploration of printable high-mobility transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors Treatments of graphene oxide electronics, magnetic oxides, ferroelectric oxides, and materials for spin electronics Examinations of the calcium aluminate binary compound, perovoksites for photovoltaics, and oxide 2Degs Analyses of various applications for oxide electronics, including data storage, microprocessors, biomedical devices, LCDs, photovoltaic cells, TFTs, and sensors Suitable for researchers in semiconductor technology or working in materials science, electrical engineering, and physics, Oxide Electronics will also earn a place in the libraries of private industry researchers like device engineers working on electronic applications of oxide electronics. Engineers working on photovoltaics, sensors, or consumer electronics will also benefit from this book.

Electromagnetic moisture measurement
Electromagnetic moisture measurement

Author: Christof Hübner

Publisher: Göttingen University Press

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 315

ISBN-13: 386395260X

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Electromagnetic moisture measurement technologies have proven to be valuable tools in diverse applications. This monograph covers basic aspects of nondestructive electromagnetic methods of water content determination and relates to the associated highly multidisciplinary field of research and development. It also presents a comprehensive selection of relevant field-tested methods and instruments. The fundamentals of electromagnetic field interactions with dipolar materials are briefly discussed, with special attention towards the dielectric properties of water and aqueous solutions. A tutorial and overview of electromagnetic measurement methods is presented, including dielectric spectroscopy in broad frequency and time domains, as well as dielectric imaging techniques. This review is complemented by a demonstration of successful real-world implementations for the moisture determination of soils, snow, buildings and building materials, food and agricultural goods, as well as various industrial products. The text is completed by a guide concerning the use of reference liquids for the calibration of sensors and instrumentation and by a bibliography of more than 850 references. The monograph is useful as a reference book for researchers and engineers and as a textbook for upper-level students interested in the water content determination of materials.

A History of Light and Colour Measurement
A History of Light and Colour Measurement

Author: Sean F. Johnston

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-05-05

Total Pages: 285

ISBN-13: 1420034774

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2003 Paul Bunge Prize of the Hans R. Jenemann Foundation for the History of Scientific Instruments Judging the brightness and color of light has long been contentious. Alternately described as impossible and routine, it was beset by problems both technical and social. How trustworthy could such measurements be? Was the best standard of inten