Investigating Age-related Macular Degeneration
Investigating Age-related Macular Degeneration

Author: Jennifer C. Tournear

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 9780438392229

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease that can cause severe vision loss. It is responsible for the majority of blindness in developed countries in the elderly population. The disease is characteristically multifactorial where oxidative stress, inflammation and retinal lipofuscin (cellular waste product) accumulation have been indicated in disease progression. The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) attaches to the Bruch's membrane (BM) and the symbiotic relationship between these two layers of the retina is essential for the visual cycle to function normally. Retinal lipofuscin is believed to contribute to drusen (characteristic deposits in the AMD BM) that negatively impact the BM and, in turn, the retina. Investigating the biological changes to the retina that are catalyzed by chemical reactions, such as photooxidation, can help to further the understanding of AMD. It is believed that when the BM is significantly modified, the RPE cells detach and undergo cell death. Retinal cell death is a hallmark of AMD. This work includes the investigation of ARPE-19 cell death when extracellular matrix (ECM) has been modified to model AMD through oxidative stress, aging and inflammation. Results indicate overlapping cell death pathways are activated as a result of ECM modification including proinflammatory cell death mechanisms: pyroptosis and necroptosis. Lipofuscin extracts obtained from human donor eyes where donors were previously diagnosed with one of three retinal diseases (wet AMD, dry AMD or diabetic retinopathy) are investigated using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Photooxidation products, inflammatory biomarkers and aging biomarkers are investigated as being components making up lipofuscin. Specifically, the observation of these components in association with a particular retinal disease is examined. Results indicate trends associated with oxidative stress markers being linked to wet AMD samples and inflammatory biomarkers being mostly associated with dry AMD samples. This work uses a two-prong approach to explore AMD onset and progression. Through the investigation of cell death using disease models and the components of lipofuscin buildup in human tissue, we begin to identify the impact and consequences these biological changes have on the retina.

Age-related Macular Degeneration
Age-related Macular Degeneration

Author: Emily Y. Chew

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-04-13

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 3030660141

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This edited book focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), combining epidemiology and clinical diagnosis, with genetics and immunological aspects as well as the role of proteostasis and mitochondria before diving into new therapies including stem cell based approaches. AMD is a leading cause of largely incurable blindness worldwide and projected to double from 2.07 million to 5.44 million individuals by 2050 in the United States. Globally, 288 million individuals are projected to have AMD by 2040. The disease has enormous socioeconomic impact on the affected individuals, their families and the society. This book will bring together the state of the art basic science knowledge with clinically relevant findings and address the challenges for future research in AMD. The intersection of different disciplines will provide potential areas for further investigations to reduce the burden of blindness from AMD. This book offers an appealing and insightful resource for clinicians, scientists, students and fellows.

Intraocular Inflammation
Intraocular Inflammation

Author: Manfred Zierhut

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-01-12

Total Pages: 1530

ISBN-13: 3540753877

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This well-structured and lavishly illustrated book is a comprehensive reference on intraocular inflammation that encompasses all anatomic forms, settings and etiologies. Individual sections are devoted to uveitis associated with systemic disorders, uveitis syndromes restricted to the eye, bacterial uveitis, viral uveitis, fungal uveitis, parasitic uveitis, uveitis caused by other microbes, traumatic uveitis, and masquerade syndromes. Chapters on the different forms of uveitis are in a homogeneous reader-friendly format, with identification of core messages, explanation of etiology and pathogenesis, up-to-date information on diagnostics and differential diagnosis and guidance on the most appropriate forms of treatment and prognosis. Helpful flow charts are included to assist in identification of potential underlying disorders and the reader will also have online access to one hundred informative case reports demonstrating the different courses of intraocular inflammation. The authors are world experts keen to share their vast experience with the reader. Intraocular Inflammation will be a valuable resource for all physicians who deal with patients with inflammatory eye disease.

Age-related Macular Degeneration
Age-related Macular Degeneration

Author: D. Virgil Alfaro

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 0781738997

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A renowned group of retina surgeons presents promising new developments in age-related macular degeneration, with emphasis on the most significant advances in the past five years. Content addresses all aspects of management, including anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology; imaging of the macula in age-related macular degeneration; prevention measures and treatment; treatment; and future directions. Abundantly illustrated and superbly organized, this book serves as an excellent reference and textbook.

Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative
Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-01-15

Total Pages: 587

ISBN-13: 0309439981

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels.

What You Must Know About Age-Related Macular Degeneration
What You Must Know About Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author: Jeffrey Anshel, OD

Publisher: Square One Publishers, Inc.

Published: 2018-06-28

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 0757054498

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Age-related macular degeneration—AMD—is the most commonly diagnosed eye disorder in people over fifty. Well over two million Americans have been told they have AMD, and that number is expected to grow substantially. While this is a frightening statistic, over the last several years, medical researchers have shown that a number of effective treatments can slow, stop, and even reverse the progress of AMD. Now, best-selling authors Dr. Jeffrey Anshel and Laura Stevens, who herself has been diagnosed with this condition, have joined forces to produce an up-to-date guide to what you need to know to combat and even prevent AMD. The book is divided into four parts. Part One explains how the eye works and how AMD develops, in both its wet and its dry forms. It then looks at the most common risk factors and explains how each of these factors negatively affects the structures of the eye. In Part Two, the authors look at the specific nutrients that affect the various cells of the eye. Included is a discussion of AREDS—the National Eye Institute’s study that showed which supplements help protect the eye from disease. Part Three offers an additional weapon against AMD. It explains why diet matters and offers advice on selecting foods that promote eye health while eliminating those that do the most damage. Part Four provides practical suggestions and easy-to-follow tips on how to incorporate this valuable information into your life. If AMD runs in your family or you have been diagnosed with this potentially life-altering condition, it is important to know that there is not only hope, but a real path to a better, healthier life. Knowledge is power, and the more you know, the more likely you are to avoid the consequences of AMD. Let What You Must Know About Age-Related Macular Degeneration help you safeguard one of your most precious gifts—eyesight.