Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons
Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2005-10-06

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 0309096731

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Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.

Radioactivity: Introduction and History
Radioactivity: Introduction and History

Author: Michael F. L'Annunziata

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2007-08-23

Total Pages: 633

ISBN-13: 0080548881

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Radioactivity: Introduction and History provides an introduction to radioactivity from natural and artificial sources on earth and radiation of cosmic origins. This book answers many questions for the student, teacher, and practitioner as to the origins, properties, detection and measurement, and applications of radioactivity. Written at a level that most students and teachers can appreciate, it includes many calculations that students and teachers may use in class work. Radioactivity: Introduction and History also serves as a refresher for experienced practitioners who use radioactive sources in his or her field of work. Also included are historical accounts of the lives and major achievements of many famous pioneers and Nobel Laureates who have contributed to our knowledge of the science of radioactivity. * Provides entry-level overview of every form of radioactivity including natural and artificial sources, and radiation of cosmic origin. * Includes many solved problems to practical questions concerning nuclear radiation and its interaction with matter * Historical accounts of the major achievements of pioneers and Nobel Laureates, who have contributed to our current knowledge of radioactivity

The Nature of Radioactive Fallout and Its Effects on Man
The Nature of Radioactive Fallout and Its Effects on Man

Author: United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy

Publisher:

Published: 1957

Total Pages: 1228

ISBN-13:

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The public hearings on The Nature of Radioactive Fallout and Its Effects on Man had their origin in studies initiated over a year ago -- in July 1956 -- by the staff of the Joint Committee on the general subject of long-term radiation hazards, both from the military and peacetime atomic energy program. During the summer recess, following the conclusion of the 84th Congress, the staff assembled background materials on fallout, with primary emphasis on the research aspects. Following official announcement of the hearings in March of this year a detailed technical outline describing the proposed scope and subject matter of the hearings was prepared by the staff. On April 18, 1957, a Special Subcommittee on Radiation under the chairmanship of Representative Chet Holifield of California was established to conduct the hearings and to look into radiation problems in general. The hearings, which were all open to the public, were held on May 27-29 and June 3-7, and covered the major aspects of the fallout problem from its inception in nuclear weapons explosions to its effects on man. In all, some 50 witnesses either appeared personally before the committee or submitted statements for the record. The staff has prepared a summary analysis of the hearings which is aimed at pointing up the more significant information which emerged from the hearings. This analysis does not cover all points that were discussed in the hearings. An effort was made to describe the general areas of agreement which developed and to delineate those areas in which unresolved questions still exist. - Foreword.