Industrial seaweed use started in Brittany in the XVII century. Today, 700 species have been identified along 1000 km of shoreline, producing 10 million tons of biomass. In the Fourteenth International Seaweed Sumposium the latest developments in the area are discussed. The blending of molecular biology with traditional taxonomy is improving our understanding of phylogeny and species relationships among many of the important algae. A new generation of biologically-based management models is gradually incorporating field testing, concepts from ecological theory and principles from population biology. Prediction is being improved, and an appropriate balance is being struck between commercial exploitation and the preservation of wild seaweed resources. Cell and tissue culture of seaweeds is entering the mass-production phase. Field farming is now entering the large-scale production area. New, biologically active compounds are being described, obtained from algae, and new tools for the characterisation of phytocolloids are described. Microalgal blooms and toxins are also experiencing a flourish of new results.
This is an open access book. The International Conference of Green Technology (ICGT) is an annual multidisciplinary forum for promoting and fostering interactions between researchers, scientists, academia, and related industrial communities in studying the development of science and green technology. These conferences introduce newcomers to the field, keep practitioners aware of current developments, and provide unparalleled networking opportunities. Innovative science and technology must be developed to offered solutions for new normal adaptation in Post pandemic life in all fields. Therefore, “Empowering innovative science and technology for future environmental perspective” become the main topic of The 12th ICGT 2022. Considering the uncertainty of the COVID-19 outbreak, The 12th ICGT 2022 was held fully hybrid on October 26-27, 2022. The scientific programs will include keynote lectures, plenary lectures and invited lectures in parallel sessions. All participants will have virtual access to join the conferences and all authors will have opportunities to present work either virtually or on-site, in Malang Indonesia.