International valuation standards and the impact of IAS and Basel II on property valuation standards and practice in Germany and in the UK

International valuation standards and the impact of IAS and Basel II on property valuation standards and practice in Germany and in the UK

Author: David Lorenz

Publisher: diplom.de

Published: 2003-07-11

Total Pages: 115

ISBN-13: 3832470018

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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: This paper deals with the valuation of property in a global context and discusses contemporary and evolving issues that might affect property valuation standards and practice in Germany and in the United Kingdom. It shows the need, the development and the growing acceptance of International Valuations Standards (IVS) published by the International Valuations Standards Committee and identifies valuations for financial reporting as the key driving force behind the ambition of harmonising valuation standards. Additionally, the major differences between valuation standards and practice in Germany and the UK are examined, the interrelationship between and the discussion about three concurring set of standards (namely Red Book, Blue Book and White Book) is presented and the importance of Market Value as the central underlying definition of value is highlighted. Then the parallel development of International Accounting Standards (IAS) and their adoption within the European Union from 2005 onwards is explained and it is shown that this reinforces the position and the acceptance of IVS. Furthermore, the major differences between IAS, German and UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice regarding the treatment of real estate are shown and the possible consequences for the valuation of fixed assets are derived. Also the New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) which determines the way how banks have to allocate capital is identified as another area of interest for the valuation profession. For this reason the methodology of Basel II is explained briefly and the problems and consequences regarding the treatment and valuation of real estate that evolve out of an application of Basel II are explored. Finally, other areas of interest that might determine the future of property valuation are addressed, notably the issue of sustainability. It is shown that there are numerous benefits of sustainable buildings, that the client demand for them is rising and that valuers will have to consider this aspect because it will affect the Market Value of the property. In sum, this paper shows that there are fundamental differences in the way how the German and the UK valuation scene is acting to cope up with these developments on the international scene, i.e., the UK valuers and the RICS are acting proactive and are at the forefront of new developments (the fact that the RICS based their new Red Book mainly on IVS is the best example), while in contrast [...]


Revisiting Risk-Weighted Assets

Revisiting Risk-Weighted Assets

Author: Vanessa Le Leslé

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2012-03-01

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 1475502656

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In this paper, we provide an overview of the concerns surrounding the variations in the calculation of risk-weighted assets (RWAs) across banks and jurisdictions and how this might undermine the Basel III capital adequacy framework. We discuss the key drivers behind the differences in these calculations, drawing upon a sample of systemically important banks from Europe, North America, and Asia Pacific. We then discuss a range of policy options that could be explored to fix the actual and perceived problems with RWAs, and improve the use of risk-sensitive capital ratios.


Germany

Germany

Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2016-06-29

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13: 1475577737

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This paper evaluates the risks and vulnerabilities of the German financial system and reviews both the German regulatory and supervisory framework and implementation of the common European framework insofar as it is relevant for Germany. The country is home to two global systemically important financial institutions, Deutsche Bank AG and Allianz SE. The system is also very heterogeneous, with a range of business models and a large number of smaller banks and insurers. The regulatory landscape has changed profoundly with strengthened solvency and liquidity regulations for banks (the EU Capital Requirements Regulation and Directive IV), and the introduction of macroprudential tools.


Switzerland

Switzerland

Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2014-09-03

Total Pages: 169

ISBN-13: 1498375898

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This Detailed Assessment of Compliance on the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision on Switzerland discusses that significant portions of guidance and legislation related to qualitative risk management and control standards are not as detailed or comprehensive as in many other major countries and need to be updated and selectively strengthened. Supervisory risk assessments and guidance to auditors, as the extended supervisory arm of the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA), need to be further materially improved, beyond what is now envisioned. Additional skilled resources within FINMA are necessary to meet these goals and to conduct more on-site supervisory work. The responsibilities and objectives of FINMA that emphasize protecting creditors, investors and insured persons, as well as ensuring proper functioning of the financial market, should be clearly stated in legislation as pre-eminent. It is recommended to increase FINMA resources, especially for on-site inspection and risk expertise. Clarify and limit the cases in which the Board can become involved in supervisory decisions and improve conflict code.


The valuation of Real Estate in Germany

The valuation of Real Estate in Germany

Author: Stefan Hocke

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2006-04-06

Total Pages: 103

ISBN-13: 3638486915

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Diploma Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,0, Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: Real estate is one of the most important assets. This is expressed in Germany’s national accounts where net construction assets are 86% of total net fixed assets.1In addition the usage of real estate belongs to the basic needs of people. Consequently the disposition of real estate regarding construction and acquisition contributes strongly to economical development of net stock of fixed assets within a national economy. However, in the valuation of property particular difficulties appear that complicate rational capital disposition. Basically, property valuation methods are difficult to apply or even fail in respect of rental income forecasts, assessment of risk and market orientation. Other influential factors originate from the heterogeneous character of properties and the complex structure of real estate markets. This work aims for the examination of codified and international property valuation methods in terms of their theoretical structure, practical application and critical aspects that influence a precise property valuation. In the following, principles regarding property valuation are introduced. This is followed by a detailed description of codified and international valuation methods. Subsequently all methods are applied on a real world valuation example that illustrates the methods and their applicability. Afterwards some decisive valuation methods are critically reviewed regarding their methodology, applicability and marketability. In summary the reader is given a classification in form of a matrix that is based on the aforementioned criteria. Further, some favourable components are identified that are complemented with recommendations for the use in practice.


Global Financial Stability Report, April 2013

Global Financial Stability Report, April 2013

Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 1475589581

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The Global Financial Stability Report examines current risks facing the global financial system and policy actions that may mitigate these. It analyzes the key challenges facing financial and nonfinancial firms as they continue to repair their balance sheets. Chapter 2 takes a closer look at whether sovereign credit default swaps markets are good indicators of sovereign credit risk. Chapter 3 examines unconventional monetary policy in some depth, including the policies pursued by the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan, the European Central Bank, and the U.S. Federal Reserve.


Systemic Contingent Claims Analysis

Systemic Contingent Claims Analysis

Author: Mr.Andreas A. Jobst

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2013-02-27

Total Pages: 93

ISBN-13: 1475557531

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The recent global financial crisis has forced a re-examination of risk transmission in the financial sector and how it affects financial stability. Current macroprudential policy and surveillance (MPS) efforts are aimed establishing a regulatory framework that helps mitigate the risk from systemic linkages with a view towards enhancing the resilience of the financial sector. This paper presents a forward-looking framework ("Systemic CCA") to measure systemic solvency risk based on market-implied expected losses of financial institutions with practical applications for the financial sector risk management and the system-wide capital assessment in top-down stress testing. The suggested approach uses advanced contingent claims analysis (CCA) to generate aggregate estimates of the joint default risk of multiple institutions as a conditional tail expectation using multivariate extreme value theory (EVT). In addition, the framework also helps quantify the individual contributions to systemic risk and contingent liabilities of the financial sector during times of stress.


The New Basel Capital Accord and the Future of the European Financial System

The New Basel Capital Accord and the Future of the European Financial System

Author: Rym Ayadi

Publisher: CEPS

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 106

ISBN-13: 9789290794905

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The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed, up-to-date and critical analysis of the New Basel Capital Accord framework. It focuses on the limitations and pitfalls that may deserve further investigation, particularly at the European level. Moreover, it provides a provisional assessment of its effects on small- and medium-sized European banks, as well as small- and medium-sized European enterprises. It examines the procyclicality of the new Accord and offers mechanisms to counter it. Finally, it addresses the challenges of implementing the new rules at the EU level.