Internalization of Norms
Author: John Finley Scott
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Published: 1971
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13:
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Modelling Norms
Author: Corinna Elsenbroich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-07-05
Total Pages: 216
ISBN-13: 9400770529
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe book focusses on questions of individual and collective action, the emergence and dynamics of social norms and the feedback between individual behaviour and social phenomena. It discusses traditional modelling approaches to social norms and shows the usefulness of agent-based modelling for the study of these micro-macro interactions. Existing agent-based models of social norms are discussed and it is shown that so far too much priority has been given to parsimonious models and questions of the emergence of norms, with many aspects of social norms, such as norm-change, not being modelled. Juvenile delinquency, group radicalisation and moral decision making are used as case studies for agent-based models of collective action extending existing models by providing an embedding into social networks, social influence via argumentation and a causal action theory of moral decision making. The major contribution of the book is to highlight the multifaceted nature of the dynamics of social norms, consisting not only of emergence, and the importance of embedding of agent-based models into existing theory.
Minding Norms
Author: Rosaria Conte
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2014
Total Pages: 201
ISBN-13: 0199812675
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume presents an unprecedented attempt to illustrate via agent based simulation the emergence of norms meant as prescribed conducts applied by the majority. The simulated scenarios are populated with cognitive agents generating norms by detecting and deciding to respect them.
Traffic Safety Culture
Author: Nicholas John Ward
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Published: 2019-04-12
Total Pages: 364
ISBN-13: 1787146170
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book provides traffic safety researchers and practitioners with an international and multi-disciplinary compendium of theoretical and methodological concepts relevant to the research and application of Traffic Safety Culture aiming towards a vision of zero traffic fatalities.
The Grammar of Society
Author: Cristina Bicchieri
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2005-12-12
Total Pages: 290
ISBN-13: 9781139447140
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn The Grammar of Society, first published in 2006, Cristina Bicchieri examines social norms, such as fairness, cooperation, and reciprocity, in an effort to understand their nature and dynamics, the expectations that they generate, and how they evolve and change. Drawing on several intellectual traditions and methods, including those of social psychology, experimental economics and evolutionary game theory, Bicchieri provides an integrated account of how social norms emerge, why and when we follow them, and the situations where we are most likely to focus on relevant norms. Examining the existence and survival of inefficient norms, she demonstrates how norms evolve in ways that depend upon the psychological dispositions of the individual and how such dispositions may impair social efficiency. By contrast, she also shows how certain psychological propensities may naturally lead individuals to evolve fairness norms that closely resemble those we follow in most modern societies.
Experimenting with Social Norms
Author: Jean Ensminger
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Published: 2014-10-22
Total Pages: 493
ISBN-13: 1610448405
DOWNLOAD EBOOKQuestions about the origins of human cooperation have long puzzled and divided scientists. Social norms that foster fair-minded behavior, altruism and collective action undergird the foundations of large-scale human societies, but we know little about how these norms develop or spread, or why the intensity and breadth of human cooperation varies among different populations. What is the connection between social norms that encourage fair dealing and economic growth? How are these social norms related to the emergence of centralized institutions? Informed by a pioneering set of cross-cultural data, Experimenting with Social Norms advances our understanding of the evolution of human cooperation and the expansion of complex societies. Editors Jean Ensminger and Joseph Henrich present evidence from an exciting collaboration between anthropologists and economists. Using experimental economics games, researchers examined levels of fairness, cooperation, and norms for punishing those who violate expectations of equality across a diverse swath of societies, from hunter-gatherers in Tanzania to a small town in rural Missouri. These experiments tested individuals’ willingness to conduct mutually beneficial transactions with strangers that reap rewards only at the expense of taking a risk on the cooperation of others. The results show a robust relationship between exposure to market economies and social norms that benefit the group over narrow economic self-interest. Levels of fairness and generosity are generally higher among individuals in communities with more integrated markets. Religion also plays a powerful role. Individuals practicing either Islam or Christianity exhibited a stronger sense of fairness, possibly because religions with high moralizing deities, equipped with ample powers to reward and punish, encourage greater prosociality. The size of the settlement also had an impact. People in larger communities were more willing to punish unfairness compared to those in smaller societies. Taken together, the volume supports the hypothesis that social norms evolved over thousands of years to allow strangers in more complex and large settlements to coexist, trade and prosper. Innovative and ambitious, Experimenting with Social Norms synthesizes an unprecedented analysis of social behavior from an immense range of human societies. The fifteen case studies analyzed in this volume, which include field experiments in Africa, South America, New Guinea, Siberia and the United States, are available for free download on the Foundation’s website:www.russellsage.org.
International Norms, Moral Psychology, and Neuroscience
Author: Richard Price
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2021-08-19
Total Pages: 144
ISBN-13: 110896768X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKResearch on international norms has yet to answer satisfactorily some of our own most important questions about the origins of norms and the conditions under which some norms win out over others. The authors argue that international relations (IR) theorists should engage more with research in moral psychology and neuroscience to advance theories of norm emergence and resonance. This Element first provides an overview of six areas of research in neuroscience and moral psychology that hold particular promise for norms theorists and international relations theory more generally. It next surveys existing literature in IR to see how literature from moral psychology is already being put to use, and then recommends a research agenda for norms researchers engaging with this literature. The authors do not believe that this exchange should be a one-way street, however, and they discuss various ways in which the IR literature on norms may be of interest and of use to moral psychologists, and of use to advocacy communities.
The Emergence of Norms
Author: Edna Ullmann-Margalit
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages: 221
ISBN-13: 0198729383
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEdna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems.
A Theory of Contestation
Author: Antje Wiener
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2014-08-14
Total Pages: 104
ISBN-13: 3642552358
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Theory of Contestation advances critical norms research in international relations. It scrutinises the uses of ‘contestation’ in international relations theories with regard to its descriptive and normative potential. To that end, critical investigations into international relations are conducted based on three thinking tools from public philosophy and the social sciences: The normativity premise, the diversity premise and cultural cosmopolitanism. The resulting theory of contestation entails four main features, namely types of norms, modes of contestation, segments of norms and the cycle of contestation. The theory distinguishes between the principle of contestedness and the practice of contestation and argues that, if contestedness is accepted as a meta-organising principle of global governance, regular access to contestation for all involved stakeholders will enhance legitimate governance in the global realm.
A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour
Author: Emma Jeanes
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2019-01-10
Total Pages: 85
ISBN-13: 0192527568
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis far-reaching and authoritative dictionary provides over 300 accessible definitions concerning the interdisciplinary subject of organizational behaviour. It covers the main topics of the field—from ethics, stress and wellbeing, and teamwork, to leadership and management knowledge. Including entries on key terms such as actor-network theory, iron cage, organizational space, and work-life balance, this dictionary encapsulates the different perspectives and concepts that make up organizational behaviour all in one easy-to-use platform. Containing a guide to further reading indicating key texts in the appendices, this dictionary will be useful to students, lecturers, and business professionals alike and serves as the perfect accompaniment to dictionaries of Business and Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, and Psychology.
