Intermediate Language Varieties
Intermediate Language Varieties

Author: Massimo Cerruti

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2020-06-15

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 9027261334

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The papers in this volume address the interplay of factors underlying the formation of intermediate varieties in the ‘dialect-standard’ landscape of present-day Europe. Research is presented on varieties of several different languages (Norwegian, Dutch, German, Italian, Spanish, Greek), on speech communities with different (geo)political and sociolinguistic histories, as well as on previously unexplored sociolinguistic situations. The contributions all share the twin characteristics of (a) robust scrutiny of structural variation and its links to both structural-systemic parameters and extralinguistic variables and (b) nuanced approaches to macro- and micro- level categories, with the requisite theoretical and methodological fine-tuning. While focusing on different languages/language groups, the papers in this volume share the common foci of bringing together structural and sociolinguistic considerations and of the concomitant necessary revisiting of methodologies. The data and analyses presented yield a firmer and more nuanced understanding of the dynamic permutations of cross-dialectal and dialect-to-standard convergence and the formation of intermediate varieties in different yet comparable contexts.

Dutch
Dutch

Author: Frans Hinskens

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2013-11-27

Total Pages: 960

ISBN-13: 3110261332

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This handbook aims at a state-of-the-art overview of both earlier and recent research into older, newer and emerging non-standard varieties (dialects, regiolects, sociolects, ethnolects, substandard varieties), transplanted varieties and daughter languages (mixed languages, creoles) of Dutch. The discussion concerns the theoretical embedding, potential interdisciplinary connections and the methodology of the studies at issue, keeping in mind comparability and generalizability of the findings. It presents general concepts and approaches in the broad domain of Dutch variation linguistics and the main developments in different varieties of Dutch and their offspring abroad. The book counts 47 chapters, written by over 40 scholars from the Netherlands, Flanders, Germany, England, South Africa, Australia, the USA, and Jamaica.

Gradience in Grammar
Gradience in Grammar

Author: Gisbert Fanselow

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2006-10-19

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 0191515280

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This book represents the state of the art in the study of gradience in grammar - the degree to which utterances are acceptable or grammatical, and the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality. Gradience is at the centre of controversial issues in the theory of grammar and the understanding of language. The acceptability of words and sentences may be linked to the frequency of their use and measured on a scale. Among the questions considered in the book are: whether such measures are beyond the scope of a generative grammar or, in other words, whether the factors influencing acceptability are internal or external to grammar; whether observed gradience is a property of the mentally represented grammar or a reflection of variation among speakers; and what gradient phenomena reveal about the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality, and between competence and performance. The book is divided into four parts. Part I seeks to clarify the nature of gradience from the perspectives of phonology, generative syntax, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Parts II and III examine issues in phonology and syntax. Part IV considers long wh-movement from different methodological perspectives. The data discussed comes from a wide range of languages and dialects, and includes tone and stress patterns, word order variation, and question formation. Gradience in Grammar will interest linguists concerned with the understanding of syntax, phonology, language acquisition and variation, discourse, and the operations of language within the mind.

Manual Communication
Manual Communication

Author: Harry Bornstein

Publisher: Gallaudet University Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 9780930323578

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Manual codes on English and American sign language / Joseph Stedt, Donald F. Moores -- A manual communication overview / Harry Bornstein -- Communication in classrooms for deaf students / Thomas E. Allen, Michael Karchmer -- Sign English in the education of deaf students / James Woodward -- ASL and its implications for education / Robert J. Hoffmeister -- Signing exact English / Gerilee Gustason -- Signed English / Harry Bornstein -- Cued speech / Elizabeth L. Kipila, Barbara Williams-Scott -- Manual communication with those who can hear / George R. Karlan -- Some afterwords / Harry Bornstein.

Discovering Sociolinguistics
Discovering Sociolinguistics

Author: Dick Smakman

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2017-10-31

Total Pages: 307

ISBN-13: 1137519088

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This engagingly written textbook provides a unique 'hands-on' introduction to sociolinguistics, which equips readers with the tools to start their own sociolinguistic research project. The book begins by outlining the historical, theoretical and cultural space in which language use occurs, before delving into the key topics and concepts of today's field. It examines the choices speakers make in everyday life and assesses language and status across the world, by investigating variation in cultural norms. Sociolinguistic variables such as age and gender are surveyed, along with the socio-cultural context of second language acquisition. The second half of the book equips readers with the skills needed to undertake sociolinguistic research of their own. This is an ideal introductory text for students taking courses in sociolinguistics, language and society, language in use or language variation.

Exploring Second-Language Varieties of English and Learner Englishes
Exploring Second-Language Varieties of English and Learner Englishes

Author: Joybrato Mukherjee

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2011-05-25

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 9027287147

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The articles in this volume are intended to bridge what Sridhar and Sridhar (1986) have called the 'paradigm gap' between traditional SLA research on the one hand and research into institutionalised second-language varieties in former colonial territories on the other. Since both learner Englishes and second-language varieties are typically non-native forms of English that emerge in language contact situations, it is high time that they are described and compared on an empirical basis in order to draw conceptual and theoretical conclusions with regard to their form, function and acquisition. The present collection of articles places special emphasis on empirical evidence obtained from large-scale analyses of computerised corpora of learner Englishes (such as the International Corpus of Learner English) and of second-language varieties of English (such as the International Corpus of English). It addresses questions such as ‘Are the phenomena we find in ESL and EFL varieties features or errors?’ or ‘How common and wide-spread are features across contact varieties of English?’