Intensionality

Intensionality

Author: Reinhard Kähle

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-03-30

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 1108634001

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Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. This volume, the twenty-second publication in the Lecture Notes in Logic series, will launch a discussion about the concept of intensionality in philosophy, logic, linguistics and mathematics. These articles grew out of a workshop held at the University of Munich in October, 2000. Some articles address philosophical issues raised by the possible worlds approach to intensionality; others are devoted to technical aspects of modal logic. The volume highlights the particular interdisciplinary nature of intensionality with articles spanning philosophy, linguistics, mathematics and computer science.


Theories of Intensionality

Theories of Intensionality

Author: David Parsons

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-09-16

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 9811024847

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This book offers a comprehensive primer for the study of intensionality. It explores and assesses those key theories of intensionality which have been developed in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Each of the examined theories is tested as to whether it can account for the problems associated with (A) the intersubstitution salva veritate of co-extensional expressions, and (B) existential generalisation. All of these theories are subsequently compared so as to determine which of them comes closest to successfully solving these problems. The book examines four kinds of intensionalist approaches: the Fregean approach (including Church's formalisation of Frege's theory); the possible-worlds approaches of Carnap, Montague and Cresswell; the theory of properties relations and propositions devised by Bealer; and the Meinongian approaches put forward by Zalta and Priest. The book also proposes an alternative to intensionalism: sententialism. Sententialists argue that the problems of intensionality could be solved by appealing to linguistic items (usually sentences) rather than intensional entities. Drawing on the works of Quine, Davidson, Scheffler and R. M. Martin, it explores the viability and value of sententialism as an alternative to intensionalism.


Motivation and Intensionality in a Computer Simulation Model

Motivation and Intensionality in a Computer Simulation Model

Author: William S. Faught

Publisher:

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13:

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This dissertation describes a computer simulation model of paranoia. The model mimics the behavior of a patient participating in a psychiatric interview by answering questions, introducing its own topics, and responding to negatively-valued (e. g., threatening or shame-producing) situations. The work focuses on the motivational mechanisms required to instigate and direct the modelled behavior. Major components of the model are: (1) A production system (PS) formalism accounting for the instigation and guidance of behavior as a function of internal (affective) and external (real-word) environmental factors; (2) A model of affects (emotions) as an anticipation mechanism based on a small number of basic pain-pleasure factors; and (3) a formalism for intensional behavior (directed by internal models) requiring a dual representation of symbol and concept. An intensional object (belief) can be accessed either by sensing it in the environment (concept) or by its name (token). Similarly, an intensional action (intention) can be specified either by its conditions in the immediate environment (concept) or by its name (token). Issues of intelligence, psychopathological modelling, and artificial intelligence programming are discussed. The paranoid phenomenon is found to be explainable as an extremely skewed use of normal processes. Applications of these constructs are found to be useful in AI programs dealing with error recovery, incompletely specified input data, and natural language specification of tasks to perform.


Foundations of Intensional Semantics

Foundations of Intensional Semantics

Author: Chris Fox

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-04-15

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 0470775297

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This book provides a systematic study of three foundational issues in the semantics of natural language that have been relatively neglected in the past few decades. focuses on the formal characterization of intensions, the nature of an adequate type system for natural language semantics, and the formal power of the semantic representation language proposes a theory that offers a promising framework for developing a computational semantic system sufficiently expressive to capture the properties of natural language meaning while remaining computationally tractable written by two leading researchers and of interest to students and researchers in formal semantics, computational linguistics, logic, artificial intelligence, and the philosophy of language


Non-definiteness and Plurality

Non-definiteness and Plurality

Author: Svetlana Vogeleer

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2006-01-01

Total Pages: 367

ISBN-13: 9027233594

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This collection of studies by leading scholars in the field focuses on the semantics of non-definite (bare and indefinite) plural NPs. The contributions in the first part concentrate on bare plurals and their cross-linguistic counterparts. They discuss applicability of the notion of 'semantic incorporation' to bare plurals by contrasting them to bare singulars, with the aim of accounting for the interaction between the semantics of number and the degree of (in)dependency of the NP with respect to the verb. The articles in the second part examine the relationship between the semantics of number and the semantics of aspect. The contributions in the third part concentrate on non-definite numerical noun phrases by addressing a range of fundamental questions such as: the semantics of indefinite time-phrases, numericals in classifier- and non-classifier languages, scope interactions, the at least- and exactly-readings, referential properties of numericals. The volume will be welcomed by linguists interested in the semantics of number in non-definite NPs.


Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect

Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect

Author: Susan Deborah Rothstein

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 468

ISBN-13: 9789027233745

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The papers in this volume investigate the semantics of aspect from both a theoretical and cross linguistic point of view, in a wide range of languages from a number of different language families. The papers are all informed by the belief that a thorough exposure to the expression of aspect cross-linguistically is crucial for progess in understanding how the semantics of aspect and what the semantic basis of aspectual distinctions is. The languages discussed include Russian, English, Dutch, Hebrew, Mandarin, Japanese and Kalaallisut. The issues discussed in this volume include the centrality of measuring and counting in an understanding of telicity; the importance of the singular/plural distinction in the study of aspect, the importance of homogeneity as a property of event types, the flexibility of lexical classes, and the interaction between expressions of aspect and the particular morphosyntactic structure of a language.


Towards Non-Being

Towards Non-Being

Author: Graham Priest

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2005-05-19

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 0199262543

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Towards Non-Being presents an account of the semantics of intentional language - verbs such as 'believes', 'fears', 'seeks', 'imagines'. Graham Priest's account tackles problems concerning intentional states which are often brushed under the carpet in discussions of intentionality, such as their failure to be closed under deducibility. Drawing on the work of the late Richard Routley (Sylvan), it proceeds in terms of objects that may be either existent or non-existent, atworlds that may be either possible or impossible. Since Russell, non-existent objects have had a bad press in Western philosophy; Priest mounts a full-scale defence. In the process, he offers an account of both fictional and mathematical objects as non-existent.The book will be of central interest to anyone who is concerned with intentionality in the philosophy of mind or philosophy of language, the metaphysics of existence and identity, the philosophy or fiction, the philosophy of mathematics, or cognitive representation in AI.


New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

Author: Takashi Onoda

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-01-10

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 3642256546

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of four workshops held as satellite events of the JSAI International Symposia on Artificial Intelligence 2010, in Tokyo, Japan, in November 2010. The 28 revised full papers with four papers for the following four workshops presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 papers. The papers are organized in sections Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics (LENLS), Juris-Informatics (JURISIN), Advanced Methodologies for Bayesian Networks (AMBN), and Innovating Service Systems (ISS).


Attitude Problems

Attitude Problems

Author: Graeme Forbes

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 0199274940

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Ascriptions of mental states to oneself and others give rise to many interesting logical and semantic problems. Attitude Problems presents an original account of mental state ascriptions that are made using intensional transitive verbs such as 'want', 'seek', 'imagine', and 'worship'. Forbes offers a theory of how such verbs work that draws on ideas from natural language semantics, philosophy of language, and aesthetics.


Logic and How it Gets That Way

Logic and How it Gets That Way

Author: Dale Jacquette

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-09-19

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 1317546547

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In this challenging and provocative analysis, Dale Jacquette argues that contemporary philosophy labours under a number of historically inherited delusions about the nature of logic and the philosophical significance of certain formal properties of specific types of logical constructions. Exposing some of the key misconceptions about formal symbolic logic and its relation to thought, language and the world, Jacquette clears the ground of some very well-entrenched philosophical doctrines about the nature of logic, including some of the most fundamental seldom-questioned parts of elementary propositional and predicate-quantificational logic. Having presented difficulties for conventional ways of thinking about truth functionality, the metaphysics of reference and predication, the role of a concept of truth in a theory of meaning, among others, Jacquette proceeds to reshape the network of ideas about traditional logic that philosophy has acquired along with modern logic itself. In so doing Jacquette is able to offer a new perspective on a number of existing problems in logic and philosophy of logic.