Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS

Author: Baxter E. Vieux

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-08-19

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 9402409300

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This book presents a unified approach for modeling hydrologic processes distributed in space and time using geographic information systems (GIS). This Third Edition focuses on the principles of implementing a distributed model using geospatial data to simulate hydrologic processes in urban, rural and peri-urban watersheds. The author describes fully distributed representations of hydrologic processes, where physics is the basis for modeling, and geospatial data forms the cornerstone of parameter and process representation. A physics-based approach involves conservation laws that govern the movement of water, ranging from precipitation over a river basin to flow in a river. Global geospatial data have become readily available in GIS format, and a modeling approach that can utilize this data for hydrology offers numerous possibilities. GIS data formats, spatial interpolation and resolution have important effects on the hydrologic simulation of the major hydrologic components of a watershed, and the book provides examples illustrating how to represent a watershed with spatially distributed data along with the many pitfalls inherent in such an undertaking. Since the First and Second Editions, software development and applications have created a richer set of examples, and a deeper understanding of how to perform distributed hydrologic analysis and prediction. This Third Edition describes the development of geospatial data for use in Vflo® physics-based distributed modeling.

Stochastic Integral Equations and Rainfall-Runoff Models
Stochastic Integral Equations and Rainfall-Runoff Models

Author: Theodore V. Hromadka II

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 3642493092

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The subject of rainfall-runoff modeling involves a wide spectrum of topics. Fundamental to each topic is the problem of accurately computing runoff at a point given rainfall data at another point. The fact that there is currently no one universally accepted approach to computing runoff, given rainfall data, indicates that a purely deter ministic solution to the problem has not yet been found. The technology employed in the modern rainfall-runoff models has evolved substantially over the last two decades, with computer models becoming increasingly more complex in their detail of describing the hydrologic and hydraulic processes which occur in the catchment. But despite the advances in including this additional detail, the level of error in runoff estimates (given rainfall) does not seem to be significantly changed with increasing model complexity; in fact it is not uncommon for the model's level of accuracy to deteriorate with increasing complexity. In a latter section of this chapter, a literature review of the state-of-the-art in rainfall-runoff modeling is compiled which includes many of the concerns noted by rainfall-runoff modelers. The review indicates that there is still no deterministic solution to the rainfall-runoff modeling problem, and that the error in runoff estimates produced from rainfall-runoff models is of such magnitude that they should not be simply ignored.

A Stochastic Space-time Rainfall Model for Engineering Risk Assessment
A Stochastic Space-time Rainfall Model for Engineering Risk Assessment

Author: Michael Leonard

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13:

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The temporal and spatial variability of Australia's climate affects the quantity and quality of its water resources, the productivity of its agricultural systems, and the health of its ecosystems. This variability should be taken into account when assessing the risks associated with flooding. Continuous simulation rainfall models are one means for doing this, whereby sequences of storms are generated for an arbitrarily long time period and over some region of interest. The simulated rainfall should reproduce observed statistics in time and space so that it can be used as a suitable input for hydrologic models at the catchment scale, with particular emphasis on extreme events. There are a variety of approaches to modelling rainfall, including a broad range of single-site and multi-site rainfall models. By way of contrast there are few models that aim to simulate rainfall across all points within a region at daily or sub-daily increments. This thesis focuses on models calibrated solely to rain gauges, and a specific type known as Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulse (NSRP) models. Existing NSRP models have a mature history of modelling developments including calibration methodology and an ability to reproduce key statistics across a range of timescales. Nonetheless, these models also have several limitations (and other space-time models not withstanding) that are addressed in this thesis. These developments include improvements to the conceptual representation of rainfall and improvements to calibration and simulation techniques. Specifically these improvements include (i) the development of an efficient simulation technique, (ii) assessing the impact of monthly parameter changes on rainfall statistics, (iii) the use of simulated statistics within calibration to overcome reliance on derived model properties (iv) incorporating a storm extent parameter to better match spatial correlations, (v) incorporating long term climatic variability and developing a methodology to assess climatic and seasonal variability in simulated extremes (vi) incorporating inhomogeneity of rainfall occurrence across a region. Numerous case studies are used at various locations about Australia to illustrate these improvements and highlight the applicability of the model under varied climatic conditions.

Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS

Author: Baxter E. Vieux

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-10-29

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1402024592

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1. 5 REFERENCES 127 7 DIGITAL TERRAIN 129 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 129 1. 2 DRAINAGE NETWORK 130 1. 3 DEFINITION OF CHANNEL NETWORKS 135 1. 4 RESOLUTION DEPENDENT EFFECTS 138 1. 5 CONSTRAINING DRAINAGE DIRECTION 141 1. 6 SUMMARY 145 1. 7 REFERENCES 146 8 PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT 149 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 149 1. 2 RAIN GAUGE ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL 151 ADAR STIMATION OF RECIPITATION 1. 3 R E P 155 1. 4 WSR-88D RADAR CHARACTERISTICS 167 1. 5 INPUT FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING 172 1. 6 SUMMARY 174 1. 7 REFERENCES 175 9 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 177 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 177 1. 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 182 1. 3 SUMMARY 194 1. 4 REFERENCES 195 10 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 197 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 197 1. 2 CALIBRATION APPROACH 199 1. 3 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 201 1. 4 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 208 1. 5 SUMMARY 214 1. 6 REFERENCES 214 11 DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING 217 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 218 1. 2 CASE STUDIES 218 1. 3 SUMMARY 236 1. 4 REFERENCES 237 12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION 239 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 239 x Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS 1. 2 VFLOTM EDITIONS 241 1. 3 VFLOTM FEATURES AND MODULES 242 1. 4 MODEL FEATURE SUMMARY 245 1. 5 VFLOTM REAL-TIME 256 1. 6 DATA REQUIREMENTS 258 1. 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MODELS 259 1. 8 SUMMARY 260 1.

Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology
Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology

Author: Vijay P. Singh

Publisher: Water Resources Publications, LLC

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781887201742

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This book stemmed from a desire to provide a comprehensive account of some of the world's popular computer models of watershed hydrology. To achieve this objective, a variety of models that together spanned a range of characteristics were included. Some of those models represent a large class of models, some are comprehensive, some are applicable to not only civil works but also to agricultural, range and forest, and nonpoint source pollution fields; some are equipped with the GIS and remote sensing capability, and some represent a large cross-section of models from around the world. The subject matter of this book is divided into 29 chapters. Beginning with introductory remarks on watershed modeling in Chapter 1, model calibration and reliability estimation are presented in Chapters 2 and 3, respectively. The next ten chapters (4 to 13) present some of the popular models from around the world. These models are in the realm of civil engineering applications of watershed hydrology models. Some of the models are more comprehensive than others and some have the management capabilities. The next two models, presented in Chapters 14 and 15, are large-scale models and embody GIS and remote sensing technology. The models presented in Chapters 16 to 23 are more physically-based and distributed in nature, quite suited to nonpoint source pollution modeling, and to assess environmental impact of land use changes. The remaining 5 models presented in Chapters 24 to 29 are within the realm of agricultural and forestry applications. Nonpoint source pollution, erosion and impact on soil productivity, drainage design, etc., can be modeled by applying these models. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology will be of interest to practicing hydrologists, especially to hydrologic modelers and the model users, as well as specialists in the fields of civil engineering, agricultural engineering, environmental science, forest and range science, earth science, climatology, and watershed sciences. Graduate students, teachers engaged in graduate instruction, and researchers will also find this book useful. Due to the popularity of this book and with innovations in printing, this was reprinted in 2012 with the original information. It is now part of WRP’s Classic Resource Edition.