Integrating Rock Physics and Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico
Integrating Rock Physics and Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico

Author: Oyedoyin Opeoluwa Oyetunji

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Seismic amplitude study is a crucial aspect in reservoir characterization as it helps to analyze seismic responses before interpretation. In this study, an attempt was made to identifying the reservoirs present in the High Island field at well locations. Rock physics modeling and seismic inversion were applied in an integrated approach to study the seismic response of these reservoirs and also delineate other hydrocarbon-charged reservoirs in the field. New elastic logs were generated and subsequently used for the rock physics analyses. Rock-property models using well-log data from the study area were evaluated. These models were used in analyzing the sand and shale log response of the study area. Well-log inversion is also carried out by minimizing the difference between modeled and measured logs. The cross-plot analyses from wells successfully distinguished between fluids and lithology effect in the area, these were subsequently confirmed by AVO modeling. The result showed that lower values of Lambda-Rho, Vp/Vs ratio and impedance values correlated with areas containing hydrocarbons. Three-dimensional seismic interpretation was also carried out to provide structural and stratigraphic information of the study area; the horizons reflect structural features including faults which could serve as a trapping mechanism for hydrocarbons. The picked horizons were used to guide the interpolation of the initial model used during seismic inversion. The seismic inversion helped delineate hydrocarbon reservoirs and also aided the propagation of reservoir parameters to include areal extent of the reservoir and to see how this varies within the field.

Seismic Petrophysics in Quantitative Interpretation
Seismic Petrophysics in Quantitative Interpretation

Author: Lev Vernik

Publisher: SEG Books

Published: 2016-10-15

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 156080324X

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Exploration and characterization of conventional and unconventional reservoirs using seismic technologies are among the main activities of upstream technology groups and business units of oil and gas operators. However, these activities frequently encounter difficulties in quantitative seismic interpretation due to remaining confusion and new challenges in the fast developing field of seismic petrophysics. Seismic Petrophysics in Quantitative Interpretation shows how seismic interpretation can be made simple and robust by integration of the rock physics principles with seismic and petrophysical attributes bearing on the properties of both conventional (thickness, net/gross, lithology, porosity, permeability, and saturation) and unconventional (thickness, lithology, organic richness, thermal maturity) reservoirs. Practical solutions to existing interpretation problems in rock physics-based amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis and inversion are addressed in the book to streamline the workflows in subsurface characterization. Although the book is aimed at oil and gas industry professionals and academics concerned with utilization of seismic data in petroleum exploration and production, it could also prove helpful for geotechnical and completion engineers and drillers seeking to better understand how seismic and sonic data can be more thoroughly utilized.

Probabilistic Seismic Inversion Based on Rock-physics Models for Reservoir Characterization
Probabilistic Seismic Inversion Based on Rock-physics Models for Reservoir Characterization

Author: Kyle Thomas Spikes

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 9780549489184

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This dissertation addresses recurrent questions in hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. What properties of rock stand behind recorded seismic reflections? How and to what extent can these rock properties be quantified from these reflections? To answer these questions, I link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic rock-physics relationships and Bayesian statistics. The key innovation is a seismic-inversion method that functions on the principles of deterministic physics and probabilistic variations of rock properties for a potential reservoir. This is intended for use in practical reservoir characterization. Within it, I engage into the fundamental issue of reconciling spatial scale differences between seismic imaging, geology and stratigraphy, and rock physics.

Practical Solutions to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Analysis
Practical Solutions to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Analysis

Author: Enwenode Onajite

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2017-05-19

Total Pages: 454

ISBN-13: 0128054603

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Practical Solutions to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Analysis: Geophysical and Geological Perspectives is a well-timed source of information addressing the growing integration of geophysical, geological, reservoir engineering, production, and petrophysical data in predicting and determining reservoir properties. These include reservoir extent and sand development away from the well bore, characterizations of undrilled prospects, and optimization planning for field development. As such, geoscientists must now learn the technology, processes, and challenges involved within their specific functions in order to complete day-to-day activities. A broad collection of real-life problems and challenging questions encountered by geoscientists in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the book treats subjects ranging from Basin Analysis, to identifying and mapping structures, stratigraphy, the distribution of fracture, and the identification of pore fluids. Looking at the well-to-seismic tie, time-to-depth conversion, AVO analysis, seismic inversion, rock physics, and pore pressure analysis/prediction, the text examines challenges encountered in these technical areas, and also includes solutions and techniques used to overcome those challenges. Presents a thorough understanding of the contributions and issues faced by the various disciplines that contribute towards characterizing a wide spectrum of reservoirs (Conventional, Shale Oil and Gas, as well as Carbonate reservoirs) Provides a much needed and integrated approach amongst disciplines including geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir and drilling engineering Includes case studies on different reservoir settings from around the world including Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Mexico, Milne point field in Alaska, North-Sea, San Jorge Basin, and Bossier and Haynesville Shales, and others to help illustrate key points

Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation

Author: Per Avseth

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-06-10

Total Pages: 524

ISBN-13: 1107320275

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Quantitative Seismic Interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs using well-log and seismic data. They illustrate the advantages of these new methodologies, while providing advice about limitations of the methods and traditional pitfalls. This book is aimed at graduate students, academics and industry professionals working in the areas of petroleum geoscience and exploration seismology. It will also interest environmental geophysicists seeking a quantitative subsurface characterization from shallow seismic data. The book includes problem sets and a case-study, for which seismic and well-log data, and MATLAB® codes are provided on a website (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521151351). These resources will allow readers to gain a hands-on understanding of the methodologies.

Seismic Reservoir Modeling
Seismic Reservoir Modeling

Author: Dario Grana

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-05-04

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1119086205

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Seismic reservoir characterization aims to build 3-dimensional models of rock and fluid properties, including elastic and petrophysical variables, to describe and monitor the state of the subsurface for hydrocarbon exploration and production and for CO2 sequestration. Rock physics modeling and seismic wave propagation theory provide a set of physical equations to predict the seismic response of subsurface rocks based on their elastic and petrophysical properties. However, the rock and fluid properties are generally unknown and surface geophysical measurements are often the only available data to constrain reservoir models far away from well control. Therefore, reservoir properties are generally estimated from geophysical data as a solution of an inverse problem, by combining rock physics and seismic models with inverse theory and geostatistical methods, in the context of the geological modeling of the subsurface. A probabilistic approach to the inverse problem provides the probability distribution of rock and fluid properties given the measured geophysical data and allows quantifying the uncertainty of the predicted results. The reservoir characterization problem includes both discrete properties, such as facies or rock types, and continuous properties, such as porosity, mineral volumes, fluid saturations, seismic velocities and density. Seismic Reservoir Modeling: Theory, Examples and Algorithms presents the main concepts and methods of seismic reservoir characterization. The book presents an overview of rock physics models that link the petrophysical properties to the elastic properties in porous rocks and a review of the most common geostatistical methods to interpolate and simulate multiple realizations of subsurface properties conditioned on a limited number of direct and indirect measurements based on spatial correlation models. The core of the book focuses on Bayesian inverse methods for the prediction of elastic petrophysical properties from seismic data using analytical and numerical statistical methods. The authors present basic and advanced methodologies of the current state of the art in seismic reservoir characterization and illustrate them through expository examples as well as real data applications to hydrocarbon reservoirs and CO2 sequestration studies.

Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation

Author: Per Avseth

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-06-10

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780521151351

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Demonstrating how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes, this volume provides an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs. Including problem sets and a case-study for which seismic and well-log data and Matlab codes are provided on the Internet (http://publishing.cambridge.org/resources/0521816017), the book is intended for students of petroleum geoscience as well as professionals in the field.

Reservoir Characterization of the Haynesville Shale, Panola County, Texas Using Rock Physics Modeling and Partial Stack Seismic Inversion
Reservoir Characterization of the Haynesville Shale, Panola County, Texas Using Rock Physics Modeling and Partial Stack Seismic Inversion

Author: Sarah Bryson Coyle

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13:

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This thesis investigates the relationship between elastic properties and rock properties of the Haynesville Shale using rock physics modeling, simultaneous seismic inversion, and grid searching. A workflow is developed in which a rock physics model is built and calibrated to well data in the Haynesville Shale and then applied to 3D seismic inversion data to predict porosity and mineralogy away from the borehole locations. The rock physics model describes the relationship between porosity, mineral composition, pore shape, and elastic stiffness using the anisotropic differential effective medium model. The calibrated rock physics model is used to generate a modeling space representing a range of mineral compositions and porosities with a calibrated mean pore shape. The model space is grid searched using objective functions to select a range of models that describe the inverted P-impedance, S-impedance, and density volumes. The selected models provide a range of possible rock properties (porosity and mineral composition) and an estimate of uncertainty. The mineral properties were mapped in three dimensions within the area of interest using this modeling technique and inversion workflow. This map of mineral content and porosity can be interpreted to predict the best areas for hydraulic fracturing.

Seismic Reservoir Characterization of the Haynesville Shale
Seismic Reservoir Characterization of the Haynesville Shale

Author: Meijuan Jiang

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This dissertation focuses on interpreting the spatial variations of seismic amplitude data as a function of rock properties for the Haynesville Shale. To achieve this goal, I investigate the relationships between the rock properties and elastic properties, and calibrate rock-physics models by constraining both P- and S-wave velocities from well log data. I build a workflow to estimate the rock properties along with uncertainties from the P- and S-wave information. I correlate the estimated rock properties with the seismic amplitude data quantitatively. The rock properties, such as porosity, pore shape and composition, provide very useful information in determining locations with relatively high porosities and large fractions of brittle components favorable for hydraulic fracturing. Here the brittle components will have the fractures remain opened for longer time than the other components. Porosity helps to determine gas capacity and the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR); composition contributes to understand the brittle/ductile strength of shales, and pore shape provides additional information to determine the brittle/ductile strength of the shale. I use effective medium models to constrain P- and S-wave information. The rock-physics model includes an isotropic and an anisotropic effective medium model. The isotropic effective medium model provides a porous rock matrix with multiple mineral phases and pores with different aspect ratios. The anisotropic effective medium model provides frequency- and pore-pressure-dependent anisotropy. I estimate the rock properties with uncertainties using grid searching, conditioned by the calibrated rock-physics models. At well locations, I use the sonic log as input in the rock-physics models. At areas away from the well locations, I use the prestack seismic inverted P- and S-impedances as input in the rock-physics models. The estimated rock properties are correlated with the seismic amplitude data and help to interpret the spatial variations observed from seismic data. I check the accuracy of the estimated rock properties by comparing the elastic properties from seismic inversion and the ones derived from estimated rock properties. Furthermore, I link the estimated rock properties to the microstructure images and interpret the modeling results using observations from microstructure images. The characterization contributes to understand what causes the seismic amplitude variations for the Haynesville Shale. The same seismic reservoir characterization procedure could be applied to other unconventional gas shales.