The acceleration of the Internet and the growing importance of ICT in the globalized markets have played a vital role in the progressively difficult standardization of ICT companies. With the related economic importance of standards, companies and organizations are bringing their own ideas and technologies into the Internets standard settings. Innovations in Organizational IT Specification and Standards Development provides advancing research on all current aspects of IT standards and standardization. This book aims to be useful in gaining knowledge for IT researchers, scholars, and practitioners alike.
This book gives a thorough explanation of standardization, its processes, its life cycle, and its related organization on a national, regional and global level. The book provides readers with an insight in the interaction cycle between standardization organizations, government, industry, and consumers. The readers can gain a clear insight to standardization and innovation process, standards, and innovations life-cycle and the related organizations with all presented material in the field of information and communications technologies. The book introduces the reader to understand perpetual play of standards and innovation cycle, as the basis for the modern world.
The advancement of technology is a standard of modern daily life, whether it be the release of a new cellphone, computer, or a self-driving car. Due to this constant advancement, the networks on which these technologies operate must advance as well. Innovations in Software-Defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization is a critical scholarly publication that observes the advances made in network infrastructure through achieving cost efficacy while maintaining maximum flexibility for the formation and operation of these networks. Featuring coverage on a broad selection of topics, such as software-defined storage, openflow controller, and storage virtualization, this publication is geared toward professionals, computer engineers, academicians, students, and researchers seeking current and relevant research on the advancements made to network infrastructures.
Standardization processes are quickly replacing regulation and competition as the primary method that technical specifications are deployed as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics that ensure materials, products, processes and services are consistently fit for their purposes. Importantly, for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), there is an evolution in the process used by standards-development organizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standards development activity (SDA) for ICT. The process is progressing away from traditional SDA modes: the legacy de jure standards promulgation by regulators that typically involve the selection from many candidates and existing alternative components. Increasingly, standards development is moving towards voluntary consensus consortia, venues in which there is a more design intensive crafting of standards that include a substantial design component, also known as “anticipatory” standards. Standards that include a substantial design component require increasingly important roles from organizational players as well as SDOs. These processes are increasingly characterized by the presence of intellectual property rights and collective behaviors alleged to trigger legal issues in antitrust, the First Amendment and tort law. An analysis of recent and likely influential series of holdup cases, such as the Rambus appeal, is also instructive. Few theoretical frameworks exist to understand these emerging processes. This research is influenced by the design, sense-making and negotiation (DSN) theoretical framework. DSN suggests viewing the new standards-setting processes as a complex interplay among these three forces. The DSN model provides the framework for measuring SDO progress and therefore understanding future generations of standards development processes. This research conducted archival analysis of SDO documents for a selected subset of web-services (WS) standards taken from publicly available sources including minutes of meetings, proposals, drafts and recommendations. This work provides a deeper understanding of SDAs, the roles played by different organizational participants and the compliance with SDO due process requirements emerging from public policy constraints, recent legislation and standards accreditation requirements. This paper examines the public policy principles in use to evaluate the due process mechanisms and checks and balances in SDA. These must be better understood to inform a critique of proposed reforms so they might accommodate efficiency, expertise and participation incentives. The empirically grounded results of our studies are useful foundation for other SDO modeling efforts.
In fields as diverse as research and development, governance, and international trade, success depends on effective communication. However, limited research exists on how professionals can express themselves consistently across disciplines. Modern Trends Surrounding Information Technology Standards and Standardization within Organizations showcases the far-ranging economic and societal ramifications incited by technical standardization between individuals, organizations, disciplines, and nations. This publication serves as a valuable model for inter-disciplinary scholars, IT researchers, and professionals interested in the link between technology and social change in an increasingly networked and interconnected global society.
A proposal for moving from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy, reviewing theory and evidence on economic incentives for innovation. Competition policy and antitrust enforcement have traditionally focused on prices rather than innovation. Economic theory shows the ways that price competition benefits consumers, and courts, antitrust agencies, and economists have developed tools for the quantitative evaluation of price impacts. Antitrust law does not preclude interventions to encourage innovation, but over time the interpretation of the laws has raised obstacles to enforcement policies for innovation. In this book, economist Richard Gilbert proposes a shift from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy. Antitrust enforcement should be concerned with protecting incentives for innovation and preserving opportunities for dynamic, rather than static, competition. In a high-technology economy, Gilbert argues, innovation matters. Gilbert considers both theory and available empirical evidence on the relationships among market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services. He reviews the distinctive features of the high-tech economy and why current analytical tools used by antitrust enforcers aren't up to the task of assessing innovation concerns. He considers, from the perspective of innovation competition, Kenneth Arrow's “replacement effect” and the Schumpeterian theory of market power and appropriation; discusses the effect of mergers on innovation and future price competition; and reviews the empirical literature on competition, mergers, and innovation. He describes examples of merger enforcement by US and European antitrust agencies; examines cases brought against Microsoft and Google; and discusses the risks and benefits of interoperability standards. Finally, he offers recommendations for competition policy. The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
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Standardization is no longer a technical activity. Rather, most large firms as well as policymakers and many other public sector entities have realized the economic and political relevance of information and communication technology standards. Accordingly, an increasing number of firms and public authorities experience the need to properly manage their standardization activities. Corporate Standardization Management and Innovation is an essential reference source that discusses various aspects that relate to the management of standardization in private firms and the public sector and identifies good practices in the internal and external management of standardization activities. Focusing around research areas such as digital market, global business, and business strategy, this book is designed to assist academics, practitioners, and researchers in the identification of good practices in management of standardization activities.
This work shows that business investment in knowledge-based capital is a key to future productivity growth and living standards and sets out recommendations in the fields of: innovation; taxation; entrepreneurship and business development; corporate reporting; big data; competition and measurement.
What is innovation and how should it be measured? Understanding the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovative firms and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering innovation.
