The Innovation Performance Review of Armenia contains the outcomes of a policy advisory exercise that drew on the experience accumulated by the UNECE in the identification of good practices and policy lessons in the area of knowledge-based development, with particular reference to the problems of countries with economies in transition. It provides a set of recommendations and policy options to stimulate innovation activity in the country, enhance its innovation capacity and improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.
The UNECE Innovation for Sustainable Development Review (I4SDR) of Armenia provides a calibrated assessment and concrete recommendations for innovation policy and structural reform in the country, based on international good practices and a firm understanding of national and regional specificities. This publication focuses on an in-depth analysis of the Armenian innovation infrastructure and examines the role of the Armenian diaspora in fostering innovation-led growth. The Review is a result of an in-depth dialogue and consultation among the UNECE Secretariat, leading subject matter experts, Government officials, academia, the private sector, and other innovation stakeholders in the country.
This publication contains the outcomes of a policy advisory exercise that drew on the experience accumulated by the UNECE in the identification of good practices and policy lessons in the area of knowledge-based development. It provides a set of recommendations and policy options to stimulate innovation activity, enhance innovation capacity and improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.
The background for conducting country studies on the challenges, needs and constraints of smallholders and family farms in seven countries has been a wish to further strengthen the Regional Initiative and develop the initiative towards a stronger programmatic approach at both the regional and country levels. To provide support to smallholders and family farms, there has been a need to develop a better understanding and knowledge platform of the main challenges, needs and constraints of smallholders and family farms in the specific country context. Even though many of the challenges are the same throughout the region, there are still significant variations among the countries; it is important to recognize and understand these variations when designing support to smallholders and family farms in each specific country. It has been the objectives of the country studies first to analyze the development trend and current state of smallholders and family farms in the specific country, second to study the current political priorities and policies affecting smallholders and family farms, and finally, based on the conclusions made, to provide recommendations, mainly at the policy level, on how to further support the development of commercial family farms and at the same time ensure in general inclusive growth, improved rural livelihood for women and men and the reduction of rural poverty for all. It is hoped that each country study will not only be relevant for FAO but also for governments, donors and other international organizations when formulating policy and preparing programmes.
This edited volume offers a multidisciplinary perspective on innovation challenges and innovative practices in the context of developing and transition countries. The contributions mostly embrace a national innovation system approach in an attempt to understand innovation processes and their implications at both macro and micro levels.
The Horizon 2020 Policy Support Facility (PSF), set up by the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (DG RTD) of the European Commission under the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, supports Member States and countries associated to Horizon 2020 in reforming their national science, technology and innovation systems. The aim of the PSF Specific Support for Armenia, carried out by a panel of independent European research and innovation policy experts from April 2019 to February 2020, was to assist in reforming and reinforcing the performance of the Armenian research institutions and enhancing cooperation between higher education and research institutions. Drawing on the experience of other EU and associated countries, notably the Baltic States, the PSF team developed 19 recommendations and a roadmap for their implementation covering three main topics: - A proposal for research evaluation arrangements and the launch of a first national level evaluation of publicly funded research institutions; - Design of a performance-based funding system and advice on future implementation; and - Development of a set of policy measures aimed at bridging the gap between higher education and research institutes, and notably supporting a shift towards research-based education in universities.
This book builds on theory of authoritarian regionalism and is the first attempt to analyse the interaction of authoritarian regional organizations in Eurasia with their global and regional counterparts (NATO, EU, WTO, IMF etc.). It analyses three decades of the development of post-Soviet regional organizations prior to the tectonic geopolitical and security changes of 2022. Eurasian regional organizations created by Russia have been frequently perceived as attempts to establish ‘alternatives’ to the global governance institutions and to compete with other regional organizations like, for example, the European Union (EU). They are seen as a pronounced example of ‘authoritarian regionalism’, i.e., regional organizations established by non-democracies. The way they interact with global and regional institutions has, however, remained understudied. This book aims to close this gap. It places Eurasia within a global context and considers similar trends world-wide as well as outlines the agenda for future studies of global versus regional governance. The book sheds light on long-term strategies of Russia in Eurasia, in global economy and in world politics, and on the interaction between Russia and other post-Soviet states. With an extended introduction and conclusion, this book is an insightful resource for scholars; advanced students; and researchers of politics, international relations, and Eurasian area-studies. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Post-Communist Economies.
This paper discusses Republic of Armenia’s Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Requests for Augmentation of Access, Modification of Performance Criteria, and Monetary Policy Consultation Clause. Following a strong performance in 2019, the Armenian economy was hit hard by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The government has proactively responded to the crisis, adopting widespread containment measures while supporting vulnerable individuals and firms in the most affected sectors. The fiscal deficit is projected to widen considerably in 2020, reflecting the impact of the cycle on revenues and higher current spending for healthcare and economic support to vulnerable households and firms. The authorities are committed to pursuing their medium-term goal of debt sustainability once the crisis abates, and public debt is expected to decline over the medium-term in line with Armenia’s fiscal rule, while maintaining space for investment and social spending. The augmentation of access under the Stand-by Arrangement will provide much needed support, allowing the authorities to mitigate the pandemic and support affected households and businesses.
