How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

The Merck Manual of Geriatrics
The Merck Manual of Geriatrics

Author: Mark H. Beers

Publisher: Merck

Published: 2000-08-15

Total Pages: 1507

ISBN-13: 9780911910889

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A unique interdisciplinary guide that addresses the challenges of geriatric care, now with a two-color design, all-new illustrations, and many redesigned tables.

The Foreign Policy of the European Union
The Foreign Policy of the European Union

Author: Federiga M. Bindi

Publisher: Brookings Institution Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 0815722524

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"Explores European foreign policy and the degree of European Union success in proposing itself as a valid international actor, drawing from the expertise of scholars and practitioners in many disciplines. Addresses issues past and present, theoretical and practice-oriented, and country- and region-specific"-- Provided by publisher.

Spain
Spain

Author: Pierre Vilar

Publisher: Pergamon

Published: 1967

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13:

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Spain and the European Union
Spain and the European Union

Author: Carlos Closa

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Published: 2004-06-19

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9780333753392

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Spain's membership of the European Union since 1986 has had a major impact. Driven primarily by political concerns to secure democracy, membership has also served as a catalyst to dynamic economic development in Spain. This book analyzes how the EU has helped shape the political process in Spain, focusing on the key institutions and the policy process. At the same time, Spain's increasingly proactive role within the EU is also explored, with particular attention given to the country's international position in post-Cold War Europe.

International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law
International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law

Author: Roberta Arnold

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2008-07-31

Total Pages: 608

ISBN-13: 9047431871

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The book addresses the current issue of the applicability and application of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in times of armed conflict. Scholars chronologically argued that only international humanitarian law was applicable, that both legal regimes were applicable, and eventually that international humanitarian law was the lex specialis of human rights law. The most recent trend is to state that international humanitarian law and human rights law are merging into a single set of rules, a proposition that is the focus of the investigations carried out in this book. The book examines general issues relating to applicability and the implementation of the two legal regimes as well as provides case studies focusing on specific rights or persons. [The cover of this publication displays a patchwork symbolizing the merger between international humanitarian law and human rights. Neither the publisher nor the editors intended the design to reproduce the protected Red Cross emblem. Any resemblance to the Red Cross emblem is purely coincidental]

11th International Conference on Theory and Application of Soft Computing, Computing with Words and Perceptions and Artificial Intelligence - ICSCCW-2021
11th International Conference on Theory and Application of Soft Computing, Computing with Words and Perceptions and Artificial Intelligence - ICSCCW-2021

Author: Rafik A. Aliev

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-01-04

Total Pages: 803

ISBN-13: 3030921271

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This book presents the proceedings of the 11th Conference on Theory and Applications of Soft Computing, Computing with Words and Perceptions and Artificial Intelligence, ICSCCW-2021, held in Antalya, Turkey, on August 23–24, 2021. The general scope of the book covers uncertain computation, decision making under imperfect information, neuro-fuzzy approaches, natural language processing, and other areas. The topics of the papers include theory and application of soft computing, computing with words, image processing with soft computing, intelligent control, machine learning, fuzzy logic in data mining, soft computing in business, economics, engineering, material sciences, biomedical engineering, and health care. This book is a useful guide for academics, practitioners, and graduates in fields of soft computing and computing with words. It allows for increasing of interest in development and applying of these paradigms in various real-life fields.

Spain and Portugal in the European Union
Spain and Portugal in the European Union

Author: Paul Christopher Manuel

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004-06-01

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1135757836

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This publication provides an up-to-date assessment of the political and economic issues and is valuable reading for anyone wishing to understand contemporary Spain and Portugal. Following decades of relative isolation under authoritarian regimes, the success of the processes of democratic transition in both countries paved the way for full membership in the European Community in 1986. Drawing on research by established scholars, Spain and Portugal in the European Union offers an original series of analyses of the development of Iberian politics, sociology and economics since the accession to the European Union.