Disassembly process is an essential activity in the mid andend of a product's service life cycle. Maintenance is a mid product lifeactivity, which involves disassembly, cleaning, repair, replace, inspection,and reassembly. Remanufacturing, reuse, and recycle are end of productservice life activities to reduce environmental impact and increaseeconomic benefits. This report describes a developed disassemblyinformation model. It is an integrated information with the following keycomponents: feature, tolerance, workpiece material, equipment, andprocess. The model supports the modeling of disassembly features,sequence, operations, decision making, and workflow. Case study withproducts and specific disassembly processes verifies the developed model.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology NISTIR 7772, “Information Model for Disassembly for Reuse, Recycling, and Remanufacturing” addresses the disassembly process and how it is an essential activity in the mid and end of a product's service life cycle. Maintenance is a mid product life activity, which involves disassembly, cleaning, repair, replace, inspection, and reassembly. Remanufacture, reuse, and recycle are activities at the end of a product's service life. The main purpose of performing these activities is to increase sustainability, which includes reduce environmental impact, increase economic, and extend societal benefits to meet the goal of sustainable development. This report describes a developed disassembly information model. It is an integrated information model with the following key components: feature, tolerance, workpiece, material content, equipment, and process. The model supports the modeling of disassembly features, sequence, operations, decision making, and workflow. Case study using real products and their specific disassembly processes is provided to verify the developed model.~
Industry has grown to recognize the value of disassembly processes across a wide range of products. Increasing legislation that may soon require mandatory recycling of many post-consumed goods and a desire to develop more environmentally benign end-of-life processes has fueled research into this concept. Traditionally, disassembly has been viewed a
Economic growth and rising levels of consumption in developing and developed countries has been observed as being deeply coupled with natural resource usage and material consumption. The increasing need for natural resources has raised concerns regarding issues such as resource scarcity, undesirable environmental impacts due to material extraction, primary production, and suboptimal product disposal, and social or political tensions. Product End-of-Life (EoL) options, such as reusing or recycling, attempt to limit or reduce the amount of waste sent to a landfill, providing strategic means to decouple the link between economic growth and resource usage. These EoL options have the potential to close material loops, further utilizing wastes as resources, reducing environmental impacts, conserving natural resources, reducing material prices, and providing job opportunities in developing countries. Remanufacturing, on the other hand, is a unique EoL option due to increasing the number of life cycles of a product before final disposal. First, recurring environmental benefits, such as emission and raw material extraction avoidance are obtained with each additional product life cycle. Second, individual resource efficiency yields increase through product remanufacture. Resource efficiency or, using more with less will continue to compound with each additional life cycle. Third, recirculating products decreases the demand and dependency for primary resource production, further closing the material loop and creating a more circular economy. In addition, remanufacturing can initiate more preferable EoL options such as recovery, recycling, and waste reduction. While remanufacturing offers numerous benefits, there is significant lack of literature and books covering the fundamentals of operations, technologies and business models. The proposed book will provide in-depth coverage of remanufacturing fundamentals and its strong link to circular economy and resource efficiency.
Recycling is one of the popular ways to ensure that the product is environmental friendly. There are several value recovery processes, including cannibalization and remanufacturing. However, the design of most products does not favor the recovery of added value. Product designed for optimal marketing and ease of manufacturing are not necessarily good candidates for a recovery scheme. Design measure such as recyclability, disassemblability, and reusability are defined and used as the basic of the product recovery time. This project proposed a framework for design method that adopts the environmental - friendly philosophy via the concept of reuse, recycle and remanufacture. The bicycle is adopted as a case study. The expected output is the design method that considers 3R philosophy.
"This unique resource comprehensively covers the disassembly line--a key component of remanufacturing, recycling, and environmentally conscious manufacturing, as well as reverse and closed-loop supply chains"--
The concepts of environmentally friendly manufacturing and ecological reuse of materials have resulted in an increase in the number of disposed products that are disassembled. Moreover, the imposition of EPA regulations is forcing companies to invest in methods for protecting the environrnent. The first strategy in this vein is material recycling. The issue of recycling became important because of the limited landfill space, diminishing natural resources, environmental pollution due to dumping of products containing hazardous materials. Likewise, it is projected that the cost of extracting materials from natural resources is going to be much more expensive when compared to reclaiming materials from disposed products. The above issues bring to light a new concept called demanufacturing. Demanufactuing includes product disassembly, part reuse and remanufacturing and material recycling. Originally the presence of precious metals in the products made companies to opt for recycling, but the present industry feels that it is possible to have demanufactruing for all product types. In order to recycle or reuse the product one has to perform the operation of disassembly to see what components can be reused and which can be sent for either recycling or disposal. In addition, one has to check the components that are going to disposal for their hazardous nature. Hence the concept of disassembly is very important when recycling is the opted choice. Today, industries are trying to implement disassembly lines at their sites similar to that of assembly lines. Before disassembling, one has to consider the cost of disassembly as there is no definite science or technology available when compared to that of assembly. So the issue of cost of disassembly is making the industry develop some tools which help them quantify the operation of disassembly. Keeping the above issues in concern, this research focuses on developing the theory related to disassembly processes similar to that of assembly processes. The different disassembly processes that are dealt with in this research are Adhesive separation, Chemical dissolution, Cutting, Crushing, Shearing, Shredding and Smelting. These processes are similar to the conventional processes used in the manufacturing industry though the difference lies in the manner the product is handled and the tools required for disassembly in demanufacturing industry. All the above processes are based on some metrics, which will help in evaluating or calculating the disassembly effort. The different metrics that are used in effort estimation are time of disassembly, tools required for disassembly, force (machine/human), accessibility, fixture, any instructions necessary before starting disassembly and risk factor involved with getting hurt (hazard) while the disassembly operation is being performed. The other contribution of the research consists of the development of a generic software tool, which would help to deal with strategic points of focus and also the termination of disassembly operation to maximize revenue.
Hotter temperatures, less arctic ice, loss of habitat-every other day, it seems, global warming and environmental issues make headlines. Consumer-driven environmental awareness combined with stricter recycling regulations have put the pressure on companies to produce and dispose of products in an environmentally responsible manner. Redefining indus
