World Bank Discussion Paper No. 320. Provides separate estimates of the influence of borrowing by both men and women, through three credit programs, on a variety of household and individual outcomes, including school enrollment, labor supply, the asset holdings of women, recent fertility and use of contraceptives, consumption, and the anthropometric status of children. The findings show that credit provided to women is more likely to influence these behaviors than credit provided to men and has a significant effect on the well-being of poor households in Bangladesh.
This volume presents cases from a World Bank study of state-owned industrial firms in Poland, Hungary and the Czech and Slovak republics. Topics that are covered include: structure of the industry; history of the firm; and product mix and sales pattern.
The collapse of the former socialist states has led to the transformation of their political, economic and social systems as well as a major change in international orientations. In this context, new economic and political elites of the former state socialist societies have emerged. How they have emerged from state socialism is a major component of this book which has two major themes. First, we consider the recruitment patterns of the new elites, among others the extent to which the new leaderships have been reconstituted from the former cadres of state socialism. Second we outline the consequences of transformation on the institutions, particularly the formation of markets and privatisation in the context of the dynamic of the enlargement of the European Union and the entry of the new states into the world system.This collection of papes is based mostly on two conferences out of six serial conferences under the general responsibility of David Lane, Cambridge University. The first conference was held in Budapest on 4-5 September 2004 at Corvinus University of Budapest (Institute of Sociology and Social Policy, Centre for Empirical Social Research) and organized by György Lengyel, the second on 13-14 May 2005 at University of Bremen (Institute of Sociology/Institute Labour and Economy) led by Jochen Tholen.
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J anos Gaes and Georg Winekler In recognition of the key position of international trade in the transition and the need for concentrated discussions of topical trade issues the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) organized an international conference on "International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe" which took place in Laxenburg, Austria, on 19 and 21 November 1992. The Austrian National Bank joined IIASA to co-sponsor the event. Participants of the conference were experts of international economics and trade policy from East and West, policy makers, and representatives of international organizations like the IMF, the Commission of the European Communities, the OECD, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The papers prepared for the event and the lively discussions during the conference itself prove that the topics are intellectually challenging and timely for policy makers. It has widely been recognized that international economic relations play a crucial role in the transition of count ries of Central and Eastern Europe. The scope, speed, and success of the efforts to transform the formerly cen trally planned economies to market economies have increasingly become de pendent on the pattern these count ries have in their relation to the rest of the world. Transition comprises three major processes: macro-stabilization, mar ketization, and restructuring. The success of these three hinges to a large extent on the response of these economies to the new conditions set by international trade and exchange regimes.
