Empire of Rubber

Empire of Rubber

Author: Gregg Mitman

Publisher: The New Press

Published: 2021-11-02

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 1620973782

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An ambitious and shocking exposé of America’s hidden empire in Liberia, run by the storied Firestone corporation, and its long shadow In the early 1920s, Americans owned 80 percent of the world’s automobiles and consumed 75 percent of the world’s rubber. But only one percent of the world’s rubber grew under the U.S. flag, creating a bottleneck that hampered the nation’s explosive economic expansion. To solve its conundrum, the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company turned to a tiny West African nation, Liberia, founded in 1847 as a free Black republic. Empire of Rubber tells a sweeping story of capitalism, racial exploitation, and environmental devastation, as Firestone transformed Liberia into America’s rubber empire. Historian and filmmaker Gregg Mitman scoured remote archives to unearth a history of promises unfulfilled for the vast numbers of Liberians who toiled on rubber plantations built on taken land. Mitman reveals a history of racial segregation and medical experimentation that reflected Jim Crow America—on African soil. As Firestone reaped fortunes, wealth and power concentrated in the hands of a few elites, fostering widespread inequalities that fed unrest, rebellions and, eventually, civil war. A riveting narrative of ecology and disease, of commerce and science, and of racial politics and political maneuvering, Empire of Rubber uncovers the hidden story of a corporate empire whose tentacles reach into the present.


Rubber and the Making of Vietnam

Rubber and the Making of Vietnam

Author: Michitake Aso

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781469637143

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Civilizing latex -- Cultivating science -- Managing disease -- Turning tropical -- Maintaining modernity -- Decolonizing plantations -- Militarizing rubber


Assessment of governance mechanisms, livelihood outcomes and incentive instruments for green rubber in Myanmar

Assessment of governance mechanisms, livelihood outcomes and incentive instruments for green rubber in Myanmar

Author: Miles Kenney-Lazar

Publisher: CIFOR

Published: 2016-07-29

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13:

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Over the past decade, rubber cultivation has expanded throughout the Mekong region, from established centers of production in Thailand, China and Vietnam to new sites in Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. Rubber has brought opportunities for increased incomes and livelihood improvement as well as social and environmental risks. The2012 drop in rubber prices has sent the sector into disarray, halting the expansion of rubber and constraining the ability of farmers and companies to profit. This study examines how rubber production in Myanmar is governed, especially the socio-ecological dynamics of varying forms of production: smallholding, contract farming and large-scale estate plantations. Based upon an analysis of secondary literature and interviews with key stakeholders, it was found that rubber production in Myanmar is for the most part not ‘green’, meaning that it has not reduced poverty and protected ecosystem services and forested areas. The price crash has prevented most smallholding farmers from increasing their income. Wages on large-scale plantations have been low and only a limited amount of work for Myanmar people is available. Large-scale estates have been developed on land expropriated from communities and have replaced forested areas that provide important ecosystem services to local communities. The paper argues that if rubber is to be truly green then significant changes to production and trade must be made, including minimum price supports from the state, appropriate land use planning measures, the establishment of cooperatives, theprotection of community land rights, and the implementation of agroforestry rubber production models.


Plant Conservation and Biodiversity

Plant Conservation and Biodiversity

Author: David L. Hawksworth

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-09-18

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 1402064446

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Original studies address key aspects of the conservation and biodiversity of plants. Articles are all peer-reviewed primary research papers, contributed by leading biodiversity researchers from around the world. Collectively, these articles provide a snapshot of the major issues and activities in global plant conservation. Many of the articles can serve as excellent case studies for courses in ecology, restoration, biodiversity, and conservation.


Planting Empire, Cultivating Subjects

Planting Empire, Cultivating Subjects

Author: Lynn Hollen Lees

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-12-21

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 1107038405

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This is an innovative study of how British Colonial rule and society in Malayan towns and plantations transformed immigrants into British subjects.


Rubber Plantations and Carbon Management

Rubber Plantations and Carbon Management

Author: Arun Jyoti Nath

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-10-16

Total Pages: 127

ISBN-13: 0429657420

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With the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and the resulting environmental consequences for plants, it is necessary to consider the future of rubber plantations, an important source of latex for rubber production. In this volume, the authors explore the ecology of rubber plantations in the context of carbon management under a scenario of our changing climate. The authors provide an in-depth study of the carbon stock and sequestration potentiality of rubber plantations. The volume also provides information on a biomass estimating model that can be used in the future study of non-harvesting biomass estimation for a variety of plants. Key features: • Provides an understanding of the role of rubber plantations in carbon management • Presents biomass models and biomass carbon stocks • Explores the impact of land use changes on soil organic carbon • Looks at ecosystem carbon sequestration • Explores methods of allometric model development for different growth ages of rubber plantations • Advances our knowledge of the global carbon cycle that will be helpful in studying changing environmental effects on other crops and plant products.


British Economic Development in South East Asia, 1880-1939, Volume 1

British Economic Development in South East Asia, 1880-1939, Volume 1

Author: David Sunderland

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-05

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 1351573136

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This collection focuses on the economic development of the areas of SE Asia with which Britain had a trading relationship. Covering 1880-1939, the economic growth of the region is revealed through a selection of rare primary resources organized thematically with sections dedicated to agriculture, mining, trade, labour, finance and infrastructure.