This volume is devoted to the developments in the branch of polymer chemistry which deals with immobilized systems. These systems are widely used in fields connected with metabolism in humans, animals, plants and micro-organisms. The study of these artificial immobilized systems permits the understanding and design of the function and behaviour of natural substances in living organisms. The book contains the latest achievements in the field of synthesis of polymeric derivatives of different natural substances such as: proteins; peptides; amino acids; poly- and monosaccharides; nucleic acids; nucleosides; nucleotides; coenzymes; vitamines; alkaloids; antibiotics; steroids; hormones; and others. Special attention is given to natural and synthetic carriers and the influence of their chemical structure on the efficiency of systems obtained. This work should be of value and interest to researchers in the field of polymer chemistry, biotechnology and genetic engineering, medical chemistry, bio-organic chemistry and enzymology.
This volume is devoted to the developments in the branch of polymer chemistry which deals with immobilized systems. These systems are widely used in fields connected with metabolism in humans, animals, plants and micro-organisms. The study of these artificial immobilized systems permits the understanding and design of the function and behaviour of natural substances in living organisms. The book contains the latest achievements in the field of synthesis of polymeric derivatives of different natural substances such as: proteins; peptides; amino acids; poly- and monosaccharides; nucleic acids; nucleosides; nucleotides; coenzymes; vitamines; alkaloids; antibiotics; steroids; hormones; and others. Special attention is given to natural and synthetic carriers and the influence of their chemical structure on the efficiency of systems obtained. This work should be of value and interest to researchers in the field of polymer chemistry, biotechnology and genetic engineering, medical chemistry, bio-organic chemistry and enzymology.
This volume is devoted to the developments in the branch of polymer chemistry which deals with immobilized systems. These systems are widely used in fields connected with metabolism in humans, animals, plants and micro-organisms. The study of these artificial immobilized systems permits the understanding and design of the function and behaviour of natural substances in living organisms. The book contains the latest achievements in the field of synthesis of polymeric derivatives of different natural substances such as: proteins; peptides; amino acids; poly- and monosaccharides; nucleic acids; nucleosides; nucleotides; coenzymes; vitamines; alkaloids; antibiotics; steroids; hormones; and others. Special attention is given to natural and synthetic carriers and the influence of their chemical structure on the efficiency of systems obtained. This work should be of value and interest to researchers in the field of polymer chemistry, biotechnology and genetic engineering, medical chemistry, bio-organic chemistry and enzymology.
A comprehensive resource on techniques and applications for immobilizing catalysts Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications covers catalyst immobilization topics including technologies, materials, characterization, chemical activity, and recyclability. The book also presents innovative applications for supported catalysts, such as flow chemistry and machine-assisted organic synthesis. Written by an international panel of expert contributors, this book outlines the general principles of catalyst immobilization and explores different types of supports employed in catalyst heterogenization. The book?s chapters examine the immobilization of chiral organocatalysts, reactions in flow reactors, 3D printed devices for catalytic systems, and more. Catalyst Immobilization offers a modern vision and a broad and critical view of this exciting field. This important book: -Offers a guide to supported and therefore recyclable catalysts, which is one of the most important tools for developing a highly sustainable chemistry -Presents various immobilization techniques and applications -Explores new trends, such as 3D printed devices for catalytic systems -Contains information from a leading international team of authors Written for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, process engineers, biochemists, surface chemists, materials scientists, analytical chemists, Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications presents the latest developments and includes a review of the innovative trends such as flow chemistry, reactions in microreactors, and beyond.
Enzyme immobilization has been approached for finding solutions for various critical problems associated with industries, medicine, environment, agriculture, etc. Especially since last decades, several innovative researches have come up to look for enhancing catalytic efficiency, reusability of immobilized enzyme and longer stability by introducing range of immobilizing supports, supports modifiers through introduction of several chemical agents (non-toxic) and adopting innovative enzyme immobilization methods. In the present book, polymeric supports have been focussed for enzyme immobilization, especially due to their versatility in immobilizing different enzymes for different large scale enzyme reactors to be used for several applications. Especially, polymers can be modified according to applications and enzyme properties which have made it supports of choice for all several enzyme based applications. Polymeric Supports for Enzyme Immobilization: Opportunities and Applications offers in-depth discussions of known polymeric enzyme support materials, reaction processes, and optimized methods to enhance enzyme immobilization. Case-based chapters examine methods of enzyme immobilization onto various polymeric supports, their surface chemistry and physical morphology followed by implementation of polymers based immobilized enzymes in various applications, viz. medicine, environment, industries, clean energy, disease diagnosis, drug delivery etc. This book has prime focus to allow several researchers across the world to provide updated technological details and incite to contribute more innovative work in coming years to find solutions to several critical problems. Offers an in-depth, case-driven discussion of known polymeric enzyme support materials, associated reaction processes, and methods to enhance enzyme immobilization Provides optimal strategies for various enzymes, processes, and applications, considering the enzyme itself, substrate, and available support properties Provides complete details on applications of polymeric based immobilized enzymes in various applications ranging from chemical; or pharmaceutical synthesis, food processing, bioremediation, industrial catalysis, etc.
This first comprehensive handbook on this exciting field provides readers with a clear understanding of the current state of the art, ingenious solutions and opportunities. Researchers from academia and industry present such emerging topics as multi-component systems and computational chemistry, as well as the latest developments in competing and complementary technologies. The result is a well-balanced and up-to-date overview.
Abstract: Over the last years, polymers have gained great attention as substrate material, because of the possibility to produce low-cost sensors in a high-throughput manner or for rapid prototyping and the wide variety of polymeric materials available with different features (like transparency, flexibility, stretchability, etc.). For almost all biosensing applications, the interaction between biomolecules (for example, antibodies, proteins or enzymes) and the employed substrate surface is highly important. In order to realize an effective biomolecule immobilization on polymers, different surface activation techniques, including chemical and physical methods, exist. Among them, plasma treatment offers an easy, fast and effective activation of the surfaces by micro/nanotexturing and generating functional groups (including carboxylic acids, amines, esters, aldehydes or hydroxyl groups). Hence, here we present a systematic and comprehensive plasma activation study of various polymeric surfaces by optimizing different parameters, including power, time, substrate temperature and gas composition. Thereby, the highest immobilization efficiency along with a homogenous biomolecule distribution is achieved with a 5-min plasma treatment under a gas composition of 50% oxygen and nitrogen, at a power of 1000 W and a substrate temperature of 80 °C. These results are also confirmed by different surface characterization methods, including SEM, XPS and contact angle measurements
Biocatalyst Immobilization: Foundations and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of biocatalytic immobilization processes, as well as methods for study, characterization and application. Early chapters discuss current progress in enzyme immobilization and methods for selecting and pretreating enzymes prior to immobilization, with an emphasis on navigating common challenges and employing enzyme supports and post immobilization treatments to impact enzymatic activity. Process-based chapters instruct on measuring and reporting on enzyme immobilization efficiency, protein final content, quantification of reaction products, and the use of nanomaterials to characterize immobilized enzymes. Later chapters examine recent advances, including novel enzymatic reactors, multi-enzymatic biocatalysts, enzymatic biosensors, whole cell immobilization, the industrial application of immobilized enzymes, and perspectives on future trends. Provides a thorough overview of biocatalyst and enzyme immobilization for research and practical application Presents methods based content that instructs in enzyme immobilization pretreatment, enzyme supports, post immobilization treatments, measuring enzyme immobilization efficiency, quantification of reaction products, and whole cell immobilization Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
