Optimizing Information Transfer in a Stream-gaging Network
Optimizing Information Transfer in a Stream-gaging Network

Author: Philip Hadley Carrigan

Publisher:

Published: 1975

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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"Networks of small stream (less than 50 sq. mi.) gages have been operated by the U.S. Geological Survey throughout the country for a number of years to supplement flood information already available for large streams. The goal in operation of these networks has been to obtain sufficient data for estimating flood frequency at ungaged sites with the equivalent accuracy expected from 10 years of observed flood records. Most networks have accumulated sufficient data to satisfy these accuracy requirements. A review of these data, looking toward possible reduction of the number of gages in these networks, is now timely."--Technical report documentation page

Optimisation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Rainfall Sensor Networks in the Context of Citizen Observatories
Optimisation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Rainfall Sensor Networks in the Context of Citizen Observatories

Author: Juan Carlos Chacon-Hurtado

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-11-21

Total Pages: 203

ISBN-13: 1000727521

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Precipitation drives the dynamics of flows and storages in water systems, making its monitoring essential for water management. Conventionally, precipitation is monitored using in-situ and remote sensors. In-situ sensors are arranged in networks, which are usually sparse, providing continuous observations for long periods at fixed points in space, and due to the high costs of such networks, they are often sub-optimal. To increase the efficiency of the monitoring networks, we explore the use of sensors that can relocate as rainfall events develop (dynamic sensors), as well as increasing the number of sensors involving volunteers (citizens). This research focusses on the development of an approach for merging heterogeneous observations in non-stationary precipitation fields, exploring the interactions between different definitions of optimality for the design of sensor networks, as well as development of algorithms for the optimal scheduling of dynamic sensors. This study was carried out in three different case studies, including Bacchiglione River (Italy), Don River (U.K.) and Brue Catchment (U.K.) The results of this study indicate that optimal use of dynamic sensors may be useful for monitoring precipitation to support water management and flow forecasting.

Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications
Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications

Author: United States. Superintendent of Documents

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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February issue includes Appendix entitled Directory of United States Government periodicals and subscription publications; September issue includes List of depository libraries; June and December issues include semiannual index

Assessing the National Streamflow Information Program
Assessing the National Streamflow Information Program

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2004-08-19

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 0309166241

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From warning the public of impending floods to settling legal arguments over water rights, the measurement of streamflow ("streamgaging") plays a vital role in our society. Having good information about how much water is moving through our streams helps provide citizens with drinking water during droughts, control water pollution, and protect wildlife along our stream corridors. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) streamgaging program provides such information to a wide variety of users interested in human safety, recreation, water quality, habitat, industry, agriculture, and other topics. For regional and national scale streamflow information needs, the USGS has created a National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). In addition to streamgaging, the USGS envisions intensive data collection during floods and droughts, national assessments of streamflow characteristics, enhanced information delivery, and methods development and research. The overall goals of the program are to: meet legal and treaty obligations on interstate and international waters, support flow forecasting; measure river basin outflows, monitor sentinel watersheds for long-term trends in natural flows, and measure flows for water quality needs. But are these the right topics to collect data on? Or is the USGS on the wrong track? In general, the book is supportive of the design and content of NSIP, including its goals and methodology for choosing stream gages for inclusion in the program. It sees the ultimate goal of NSIP as developing the ability to use existing data-gathering sites to generate streamflow information with quantitative confidence limits at any location in the nation. It is just as important to have good measurements during droughts as during floods, and it therefore recommends supporting Natural Resource Conservation Service forecast sites in addition to those of the National Weather Service.