Uncertainty in key parameters within a chip and between different chips in the deep sub micron area plays a more and more important role. As a result, manufacturing process spreads need to be considered during the design process. Quantitative methodology is needed to ensure faultless functionality, despite existing process variations within given bounds, during product development. This book presents the technological, physical, and mathematical fundamentals for a design paradigm shift, from a deterministic process to a probability-orientated design process for microelectronic circuits. Readers will learn to evaluate the different sources of variations in the design flow in order to establish different design variants, while applying appropriate methods and tools to evaluate and optimize their design.
Provides a concise and thorough reference for designing electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives Electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives are being increasingly used in present-day automation applications. They are considered by many application engineers as one of the most interfering components, especially in a contemporarily faced industrial environment. This book fills the gap between the high-level academic knowledge in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) field and the recommended practical rules for assuring electromagnetic compatibility margin. It focuses on finding and formulating the issues that often occur with the generation and propagation of conducted emission in AC motor drives fed by frequency converters, rather than proposing specific solutions for dealing with them. It also features explanations of selected academic backgrounds of EMC and presents practical case studies. The book starts with an introduction to conducted emission in adjustable speed drives. It then goes on to offer in-depth chapters covering conducted emission origins in switch-mode power converters; conducted emission generation by frequency converter in adjustable speed drives (ASD); propagation of motor side originated conducted emission towards the power grid; modeling of conducted emission in ASD; broadband behavior of ASD components; and impact of a motor feeding cable on CM currents generated in ASD. In addition, this resource: Presents state-of-the-art analysis of undesirable high frequency phenomena accompanying AC motor speed control Discusses the fundamentals of phenomena of electromagnetic interference (EMI) generation in switch mode static converters Provides methodology of modeling-conducted EMI generation and propagation in ASD High Frequency Conducted Emission in AC Motor Drives Fed By Frequency Converters: Sources and Propagation Paths will appeal to scholars and a wide range of professionals who are involved in the stages of development, design, and application of adjustable speed drives in accordance with ever-increasing EMC requirements.
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The third edition of this indispensable book in radio interferometry provides extensive updates to the second edition, including results and technical advances from the past decade; discussion of arrays that now span the full range of the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum observable from the ground, 10 MHz to 1 THz; an analysis of factors that affect array speed; and an expanded discussion of digital signal-processing techniques and of scintillation phenomena and the effects of atmospheric water vapor on image distortion, among many other topics. With its comprehensiveness and detailed exposition of all aspects of the theory and practice of radio interferometry and synthesis imaging, this book has established itself as a standard reference in the field. It begins with an overview of the basic principles of radio astronomy, a short history of the development of radio interferometry, and an elementary discussion of the operation of an interferometer. From this foundation, it delves into the underlying relationships of interferometry, sets forth the coordinate systems and parameters to describe synthesis imaging, and examines configurations of antennas for multielement synthesis arrays. Various aspects of the design and response of receiving systems are discussed, as well as the special requirements of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), image reconstruction, and recent developments in image enhancement techniques and astrometric observations. Also discussed are propagation effects in the media between the source and the observer, and radio interference, factors that limit performance. Related techniques are introduced, including intensity interferometry, optical interferometry, lunar occultations, tracking of satellites in Earth orbit, interferometry for remote Earth sensing, and holographic measurements of antenna surfaces. This book will benefit anyone who is interested in radio interferometry techniques for astronomy, astrometry, geodesy, or electrical engineering.
iming, timing, timing! That is the main concern of a digital designer charged with designing a semiconductor chip. What is it, how is it T described, and how does one verify it? The design team of a large digital design may spend months architecting and iterating the design to achieve the required timing target. Besides functional verification, the t- ing closure is the major milestone which dictates when a chip can be - leased to the semiconductor foundry for fabrication. This book addresses the timing verification using static timing analysis for nanometer designs. The book has originated from many years of our working in the area of timing verification for complex nanometer designs. We have come across many design engineers trying to learn the background and various aspects of static timing analysis. Unfortunately, there is no book currently ava- able that can be used by a working engineer to get acquainted with the - tails of static timing analysis. The chip designers lack a central reference for information on timing, that covers the basics to the advanced timing veri- cation procedures and techniques.
Collecting and processing data is a necessary aspect of living in a technologically advanced society. Whether it's monitoring events, controlling different variables, or using decision-making applications, it is important to have a system that is both inexpensive and capable of coping with high amounts of data. Technological Breakthroughs in Modern Wireless Sensor Applications brings together new ways to process and monitor data, and to put it to work in everything from intelligent transportation systems to healthcare to multimedia applications. This book is an essential reference source for research and development engineers, graduate students, academics, and researchers interested in intelligent engineering, internetworking, routing, and network planning algorithms.
Nowadays, the increasing use of power electronics equipment origins important distortions. The perfect AC power systems are a pure sinusoidal wave, both voltage and current, but the ever-increasing existence of non-linear loads modify the characteristics of voltage and current from the ideal sinusoidal wave. This deviation from the ideal wave is reflected by the harmonics and, although its effects vary depending on the type of load, it affects the efficiency of an electrical system and can cause considerable damage to the systems and infrastructures. Ensuring optimal power quality after a good design and devices means productivity, efficiency, competitiveness and profitability. Nevertheless, nobody can assure the optimal power quality when there is a good design if the correct testing and working process from the obtained data is not properly assured at every instant; this entails processing the real data correctly. In this book the reader will be introduced to the harmonics analysis from the real measurement data and to the study of different industrial environments and electronic devices.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2009, held in Cork, Ireland, in Februar 2009. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 145 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on performance and quality of service, routing, coordination and synchronisation, data collection, security, as well as evaluation and management.
Industrial electronics systems govern so many different functions that vary in complexity-from the operation of relatively simple applications, such as electric motors, to that of more complicated machines and systems, including robots and entire fabrication processes. The Industrial Electronics Handbook, Second Edition combines traditional and new
This book is dedicated to applied computational intelligence and soft computing techniques with special reference to decision support in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), where the physical as well as the communication segment of the networked entities interact with each other. The joint dynamics of such systems result in a complex combination of computers, software, networks and physical processes all combined to establish a process flow at system level. This volume provides the audience with an in-depth vision about how to ensure dependability, safety, security and efficiency in real time by making use of computational intelligence in various CPS applications ranging from the nano-world to large scale wide area systems of systems. Key application areas include healthcare, transportation, energy, process control and robotics where intelligent decision support has key significance in establishing dynamic, ever-changing and high confidence future technologies. A recommended text for graduate students and researchers working on the applications of computational intelligence methods in CPS.
This volume contains the proceedings of the Third International DMTF Academic Alliance Workshop on Systems and Virtualization Management: Standards and the Cloud (SVM 2009) held in Wuhan, China, during September 22-23, 2009. The SVM 2009 proceedings are intended for use by students of systems and vir- alization management. The reader is presumed to have a basic knowledge of systems management technologies and standards at the level provided, for example, by the Common Information Model (CIM) standard for modeling management resources. The student of systems management will find here material that could be included in an advanced study program. These proceedings should furthermore allow students to acquire an appreciation of the breadth and variety of systems and virtualization m- agement research. The proceedings also illuminate related standards and research issues, answering questions such as: what are the implications of virtualization for distributed systems management, which advances in information models and protocols aid in managing virtualization, what new problems will we incur when managing virtualized systems and services, and how might management itself benefit from virtualization? Topics related to managing distributed systems, virtualization of distributed - sources/services and work in management standardization are also highlighted. There were 28 regular paper submissions. These went through an active review process, with each submission reviewed by at least three members of the Program Committee. We also sought external reviews from experts in certain areas. All these inputs were used by the Program Committee in selecting a final program with 12 regular papers.
