Long Non-coding RNA
Long Non-coding RNA

Author: Antonin Morillon

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2018-02-01

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 0081023553

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The dark side of the genome represents vast domains of the genome that are not encoding for proteins – the basic bricks of cellular structure and metabolism. Up to 98% of the human genome is non-coding and produces so-called long non-coding RNA. Some of these non-coding RNA play fundamental roles in cellular identity, cell development and cancer progression. They are now widely studied in many organisms to understand their function. This book reviews this expanding field of research and present the broad functional diversities of those molecules and their putative fundamental and therapeutic roles and develops the recent history of non-coding RNA, their very much debated classification and how they raise a formidable interest for developmental and tumorigenesis biology. Using classical examples and an extensive bibliography, the book illustrates the most studied and attractive examples of these long non-coding RNA, how they interface with epigenetics, genome integrity and expression and what are the current models of their regulatory mechanisms. - This book offers a large review about the long non-coding RNA - It presents the broad functional diversities of those molecules - It presents pioneer works from the field - Provides a comprehensive review of the field - Presents fundamental and therapeutic interests

Functional Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs
Functional Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs

Author: Haiming Cao

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2021-12-18

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 9781071611609

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This detailed volume presents a comprehensive bioinformatic and experimental toolbox for prioritizing, annotating, and functionally analyzing long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Playing a vital role in diverse biological progresses and human disease, lncRNAs have proven to be a challenging subject of study due to our limited understanding of their sequence-function relationships, lack of complete genetic annotation, and the unavailability of systems required to define their functional importance and molecular mechanisms, all of which this book seeks to address. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Functional Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs: Methods and Protocols provides a timely and convenient resource to facilitate the identification and characterization of disease-associated human lncRNAs, which aims to shed light on their role in biology and pathophysiology and ultimately lead toward novel therapeutic approaches targeting lncRNAs for the amelioration of human diseases.

Functional Characterization of FMR4, a Trans- Acting Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with the Fragile X Locus
Functional Characterization of FMR4, a Trans- Acting Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with the Fragile X Locus

Author: Veronica J Peschansky

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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CGG repeat expansions in the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are responsible for a family of associated disorders characterized by either intellectual disability and autism (Fragile X Syndrome, FXS), or adult-onset neurodegeneration (Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, FXTAS). However, the FMR1 locus is complex and encodes several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), whose expression is altered by repeat expansion mutations. The role of these lncRNAs is thus far unknown; therefore we investigated the functionality of FMR4, which we previously identified. "Full"-length expansions of the FMR1 triplet repeat cause silencing of both FMR1 and FMR4, thus we are interested in potential loss-of-function that may add to phenotypic manifestation of FXS. As cis- regulation of FMR1 by FMR4 was not detected, we sought trans-regulated FMR4 targets in vitro. Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation microarrays identified differentially expressed FMR4-responsive genes. Activities of the polyadenylated and chromatin-associated FMR4 in human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) included regulation of genes involved in cell cycling, differentiation, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and a G-protein coupled receptor subunit. FMR4 is expected to share a bidirectional promoter with FMR1, but expression of the two transcripts diverges during peak hNPC proliferation. FMR4 decreases, while FMR1 RNA increases, and these changes are accompanied by corresponding differential expression of FMR4 target genes. By regulating gene expression, FMR4 may promote cellular proliferation rather than differentiation, a role supported by S-phase marker assays. We also identified protein partners of FMR4 using MS2-tagged RNA-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. We therefore propose that FMR4's function is as a gene-regulatory lncRNA and that this transcript may function in normal development. Closer examination of FMR4 increases our understanding of the role of regulatory lncRNA and the consequences of FMR1 repeat expansions.

The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs
The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs

Author: Stefan Jurga

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2021-10-03

Total Pages: 545

ISBN-13: 9783030447458

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This book offers a comprehensive and detailed overview of various aspects of long non-coding RNAs. It discusses their emerging significance in molecular medicine, ranging from human cancers to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Transcriptomic studies have demonstrated that the majority of genomes found in complex organisms are expressed in highly dynamic and cell-specific patterns, producing huge numbers of intergenic, antisense and intronic long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Thousands of lncRNAs have been identified, and unlike mRNA, they have no protein-coding capacity. A large repertoire of ncRNAs, actively transcribed from the mammalian genome, control diverse cellular processes, both in terms of development and diseases, through a variety of gene regulatory mechanisms. IncRNAs have emerged as a new paradigm in epigenetic regulation of the genome. Given its scope, the book will be of particular interest to molecular, chemical, cell and developmental biologists, as well as specialists in translational medicine involved in disease-oriented research. It also offers a valuable resource for in silico experts seeking a deeper understanding of lncRNA expression and function through computational analysis of the NGS data.

Discovery and In Vivo Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs
Discovery and In Vivo Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs

Author: Stephen Constantine Liapis

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The noncoding genome, or the portion of the genome that does not encode for proteins, encompasses >95% of the human genome. It has been found that the majority of disease-associated genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are located in this noncoding 95%, where they have the potential to affect regions that control transcription (promoters, enhancers) and noncoding RNAs that also can influence gene expression. The discovery of these alterations has already contributed to a better understanding of the etiology of human diseases and has begun to yield insight into the function of these noncoding loci I am interested in studying how the noncoding genome functions and contributes to human development and disease pathology, especially when it is considered that our understanding of human disease is almost entirely contained within the realm of the