This is the first book that comprehensively and systematically describes the new technology of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography is a separation technique suitable for polar and hydrophilic compounds and orthogonal to reversed phase liquid chromatography. From small organic molecules to proteins, the text explores the many applications of HILIC in the analytical field. Winner of the President's Award for Excellence, the author explains how HILIC can significantly improve analytical throughput by shortening sample preparation procedure, which is one of the bottlenecks for drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry.
Discover how to use HILIC to analyze and better understand polar compounds An increasingly popular analytical method, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has the ability to retain and separate polar compounds that are often difficult to analyze by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or other analytical methods. Offering a comprehensive review, this book enables readers to develop a fundamental understanding of how HILIC works and then apply that knowledge to develop and implement a variety of practical applications. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography begins with discussions of HILIC retention mechanisms, stationary phases, and general method development. This sets the foundation for the book's extensive coverage of applications. The authors address unique separation challenges for bioanalytical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and biochemical applications. Moreover, there is a thorough discussion of HILIC in two-dimensional chromatography. With contributions from leading analytical scientists who have extensive experience in HILIC as well as HPLC, Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography serves as a practical guide for researchers, featuring: Detailed examples of HILIC methods and development approaches Thorough explanations of retention mechanisms and the impact of stationary phase and mobile phase properties on separations Step-by-step guidance for developing efficient, sensitive, and robust HILIC methods References to the primary literature at the end of each chapter Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography is written for scientists who use or develop analytical methods for the separation of polar compounds. In particular, these researchers will discover how HILIC can be used to analyze and better understand the composition of pharmaceutical, bioanalytical, biochemical, chemical, food, and environmental samples.
Handbook of Advanced Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry Techniques is a compendium of new and advanced analytical techniques that have been developed in recent years for analysis of all types of molecules in a variety of complex matrices, from foods to fuel to pharmaceuticals and more. Focusing on areas that are becoming widely used or growing rapidly, this is a comprehensive volume that describes both theoretical and practical aspects of advanced methods for analysis. Written by authors who have published the foundational works in the field, the chapters have an emphasis on lipids, but reach a broader audience by including advanced analytical techniques applied to a variety of fields. Handbook of Advanced Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry Techniques is the ideal reference for those just entering the analytical fields covered, but also for those experienced analysts who want a combination of an overview of the techniques plus specific and pragmatic details not often covered in journal reports. The authors provide, in one source, a synthesis of knowledge that is scattered across a multitude of literature articles. The combination of pragmatic hints and tips with theoretical concepts and demonstrated applications provides both breadth and depth to produce a valuable and enduring reference manual. It is well suited for advanced analytical instrumentation students as well as for analysts seeking additional knowledge or a deeper understanding of familiar techniques. - Includes UHPLC, HILIC, nano-liquid chromatographic separations, two-dimensional LC-MS (LCxLC), multiple parallel MS, 2D-GC (GCxGC) methodologies for lipids analysis, and more - Contains both practical and theoretical knowledge, providing core understanding for implementing modern chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques - Presents chapters on the most popular and fastest-growing new techniques being implemented in diverse areas of research
Analytical chemists in the pharmaceutical industry are always looking for more-efficient techniques to meet the analytical challenges of today's pharmaceutical industry. One technique that has made steady advances in pharmaceutical analysis is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). SFC is meeting the chromatography needs of the industry by provi
Ion Chromatography (IC) is a powerful technique in the separation and analysis of inorganic ions and small charged organic molecules. Meanwhile, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) enables the separation of polar hydrophilic compounds. Although their retention mechanisms are different, the same goal applies. Chromatographers want a fast and thorough separation. This thesis focuses on improving separations in both modes. Injection solvent mismatch in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC) leads to peak broadening and even distortion. In this thesis, systematic studies on IC columns showed that the characteristics of injection solvent mismatch broadening are very different than in RPLC. Also, IC is much more tolerant to high matrix concentration. The sensitivity parameter for evaluating RPLC injection solvent response was applied in the IC column studied for the comparison and can be further used in evaluating other IC columns. In modern IC, suppressors are widely used. Injection system peaks are usually neglected because they are eliminated by the suppressor. However this thesis showed that the system peak strongly affects the nearby analyte peak shape and retention. Porous Graphitic Carbon (PGC) is popular in some RPLC applications due to its excellent pH and temperature stability. This stability would also be attractive for HILIC applications. However, the hydrophobic character of PGC makes it incompatible with HILIC separations. In this thesis, PGC was converted into a hydrophilic phase by attaching acetanilide to the surface. The new Amide-PGC shows unique selectivity among 37 stationary phases under HILIC mode. The thesis demonstrates its potential in separating nucleobases, carboxylic acids and pharmaceuticals. Retention is shown to be due to both HILIC partitioning and adsorption on the PGC surface. In summary, this thesis improves liquid chromatography in two aspects: IC separations through an understanding of injection broadening; and HILIC through the development of a new stationary phase which enables unique HILIC selectivity.
The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set is a definitive collection of articles covering the latest technologies in application areas such as medicine, environmental science, food science and geology. Meticulously organized, clearly written and fully interdisciplinary, the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set provides foundational knowledge across the scope of modern analytical chemistry, linking fundamental topics with the latest methodologies. Articles will cover three broad areas: analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, atomic spectrometry); areas of application (e.g., forensic, environmental and clinical); and analytes (e.g., arsenic, nucleic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), providing a one-stop resource for analytical scientists. Offers readers a one-stop resource with access to information across the entire scope of modern analytical science Presents articles split into three broad areas: analytical techniques, areas of application and and analytes, creating an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals Provides concise and accessible information that is ideal for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate levels and higher
HIGH THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS FOR FOOD SAFETY MEETS FSMA REQUIREMENTS WITH THE LATEST ADVANCES IN HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING High-Throughput Analysis for Food Safety addresses the fundamental concepts involved in the rapid screening for contaminants, including residual veterinary drugs, proteins, metals, hormones, pesticides, and adulterants. Addressing the need for—and requirements of—rapid screening tests, the book includes discussions of regulations and compliance issues from perspectives of both domestic and global industry and government contributors. The latest developments and most common techniques are focused on, with an emphasis on the applicability of both stand-alone mass spectrometry methods and coupled techniques. Beginning with a review of high-throughput analysis basics, the authors conduct a full exploration of mass spectrometry applications allowing readers to: Survey GC-MS, LC-MS, stand-alone MS, and tandem MS methods in foodanalysis and contaminant screening Review quality control standards, method validation, and ongoing analyticalcontrol Examine the current methods used to detect veterinary medicinal productresidues in food, as well as future directionsRecent Recent incidents around the globe have turned the food industry toward high-throughput analysis, and the Food Safety Modernization Act has made it a legal requirement in the US. This resource provides an in-depth discussion of the latest advances in methods and instrumentation.
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has grown in popularity during the last ten years. It is somewhere between normal phase and reverse phase liquid chromatography in terms of its mode of action. HILIC involves the separation of polar analytes through their partitioning into a water rich layer that is formed on the surface of the stationary phase. However, there are also additional mechanisms involved in HILIC including ion exchange interactions. There are an increasing number of HILIC columns on the market. A number of different factors can be set to control the separation of compounds in HILIC mode including column temperature, mobile phase composition, pH and buffer type and concentration. In the current study a cyanopropyl (CN) HPLC column was used for the separation of some basic compounds in HILIC mode. Good separation of a test mix of basic compounds was obtained with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (95:5) containing 3.25mM ammonium acetate. The retention times of the basic compounds decreased with increased ionic strength or with increased water content in the mobile phase. The effect of the size of the basic centre, pH, and buffer concentration was also studied using a series of model bases. The utility of the column for impurity profiling of two basic drugs was tested. The CN column showed reasonable stability although there appeared to be loss of stationary phase with time. The retention properties of a silica gel column and a type C silica (silicon hydride) column for bases, sugars and polar acids were compared in HILIC mode with formic acid or ammonium acetate as aqueous phase modifiers. Seven different HILIC stationary phases were characterised with regard to their retention properties for 100 metabolite standards. In addition three of these phases were evaluated with regard to their ability to profile metabolites in urine. Finally a HILIC method was developed in order to determine the level of nicotine exposure in companion animals resulting from passive smoking.
