Induction of Interleukin-6 During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Induction of Interleukin-6 During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 9

ISBN-13:

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Interleukin-6(IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine produced in monocytes, fibroblasts, and other cell types, is induced by a variety of stimuli, including bacteria, viruses, and other cytokines. When normal monocyte cultures were exposed to a monocytotropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HTLV-III significant levels of IL-6 bioactivity were detected in the culture supernatants after 12 and 43 days of incubation, at a time when there was associated evidence of HIV production. Similarly, when normal monocyte cultures were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected individuals, HIV replication in these cultures was associated with production of IL-6. Interleukin-6, (IL-6), a recently identified phospho-glycoprotein, is emerging as a multifunctional cytokine induced by a variety of stimuli. Monocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endometrial stromal cells produce IL-6 in vitro on stimulation with different signals, such as bacteria, bacterial products, viruses, and certain cytokines.


Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection

Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection

Author: Anthony S. Fauci

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 159

ISBN-13: 3642608671

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During the last 5 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and in the development of new potent antiviral agents. With regard to HIV pathogenesis, several recent observations have not only changed our perspectives of HIV disease, but have been critical for the design of therapeutic strategies.


Innovative Medicine

Innovative Medicine

Author: Kazuwa Nakao

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-10-13

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 4431556516

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This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.


Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Author: Randy Q. Cron

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-09-09

Total Pages: 607

ISBN-13: 303022094X

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Cytokine Storm Syndromes, including HLH and MAS, are frequently fatal disorders, particularly if not recognized early and treated during presentation. The genetics of Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being defined with many of the risk alleles giving rise to mutations in the perforin-mediated cytolytic pathway used by CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. These are being studied using murine models. Up to 10% of the general population may carry risk alleles for developing Cytokine Storm Syndromes, and Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being increasingly recognized around the world in pediatric and adult hospitals. A variety of infectious, rheumatic, and oncologic triggers are commonly associated with Cytokine Storm Syndromes, but understanding this disorder is critical for all researchers and physicians to ensure timely and appropriate therapy. This textbook, the first of its kind, addresses all aspects of the disorder – from genetics, pathophysiology, and ongoing research, to clinical presentations, risk factors, and treatment.


Immune Regulation

Immune Regulation

Author: Marc Feldmann

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 1461249961

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Leukocyte culture conferences have a long pedigree. This volume records some of the scientific highlights of the 16th such annual con ference, and is a witness to the continuing evolution and popularity of leukocyte culture and of immunology. There is strong evidence of the widening horizons of immunology, both technically, with the obviously major impact of molecular biology into our understanding of cellular processes, and also conceptually. Traditionally, the 'proceedings' of these conferences have been published. But have the books produced really recorded the major part of the conference, the informal, friendly, but intense and some times heated exchanges that take place between workers in tackling very similar problems and systems and which are at the heart of every successful conference? Unfortunately this essence cannot be incorpo rated by soliciting manuscripts. For this reason, we have changed the format of publication, retaining published versions of the symposium papers, but requesting the workshop chairmen to produce a summary of the major new observations and areas of controversy highlighted in their sessions, as a vehicle for defining current areas of interest and debate. Not an easy task, as the workshop topics were culled from the abstracts submitted by the participants, rather than being on predefined topics. The unseasonal warmth in Cambridge was reflected in the atmos phere of the conference, the organization of which benefited from the administrative skills of Jean Bacon, Philippa Wells, Mr. Peter Irving, and Mrs.


Human Herpesviruses

Human Herpesviruses

Author: Ann Arvin

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2007-08-16

Total Pages: 1325

ISBN-13: 1139461648

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This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.


Handbook on Immunosenescence

Handbook on Immunosenescence

Author: Tamas Fulop

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-02-27

Total Pages: 1693

ISBN-13: 1402090633

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This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.


Innate Immunity and Inflammation

Innate Immunity and Inflammation

Author: Ruslan Medzhitov

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Perspective

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781621820291

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"A subject collection from Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology."


Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease

Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease

Author: Z. Kmiec

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 3642565530

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It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.