Human and Artificial Rationalities
Author: Jean Baratgin
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published:
Total Pages: 412
ISBN-13: 3031552458
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An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind
Author: E. Jonathan Lowe
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2000-01-20
Total Pages: 336
ISBN-13: 9780521654289
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA lucid and wide-ranging introduction to the philosophy of mind, suitable for readers with a basic grounding in philosophy.
Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence
Author: Tshilidzi Marwala
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2021-03-31
Total Pages: 272
ISBN-13: 0128209445
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIntelligent machines are populating our social, economic and political spaces. These intelligent machines are powered by Artificial Intelligence technologies such as deep learning. They are used in decision making. One element of decision making is the issue of rationality. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) require that decisions that are made by these intelligent machines are explainable. Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence proposes that explainable decisions are good but the explanation must be rational to prevent these decisions from being challenged. Noted author Tshilidzi Marwala studies the concept of machine rationality and compares this to the rationality bounds prescribed by Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon and rationality bounds derived from the work of Nobel Laureates Richard Thaler and Daniel Kahneman. Rational Machines and Artificial Intelligence describes why machine rationality is flexibly bounded due to advances in technology. This effectively means that optimally designed machines are more rational than human beings. Readers will also learn whether machine rationality can be quantified and identify how this can be achieved. Furthermore, the author discusses whether machine rationality is subjective. Finally, the author examines whether a population of intelligent machines collectively make more rational decisions than individual machines. Examples in biomedical engineering, social sciences and the financial sectors are used to illustrate these concepts. - Provides an introduction to the key questions and challenges surrounding Rational Machines, including, When do we rely on decisions made by intelligent machines? What do decisions made by intelligent machines mean? Are these decisions rational or fair? Can we quantify these decisions? and Is rationality subjective? - Introduces for the first time the concept of rational opportunity costs and the concept of flexibly bounded rationality as a rationality of intelligent machines and the implications of these issues on the reliability of machine decisions - Includes coverage of Rational Counterfactuals, group versus individual rationality, and rational markets - Discusses the application of Moore's Law and advancements in Artificial Intelligence, as well as developments in the area of data acquisition and analysis technologies and how they affect the boundaries of intelligent machine rationality
Do the Right Thing
Author: Stuart Jonathan Russell
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 238
ISBN-13: 9780262181440
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLike Mooki, the hero of Spike Lee's film Do the Right Thing artificially, intelligent systems have a hard time knowing what to do in all circumstances. Classical theories of perfect rationality prescribe the right thing for any occasion, but no finite agent can compute their prescriptions fast enough. In Do the Right Thing, the authors argue that a new theoretical foundation for artificial intelligence can be constructed in which rationality is a property of programs within a finite architecture, and their behaviour over time in the task environment, rather than a property of individual decisions.
Bayesian Rationality
Author: Mike Oaksford
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2007-02-22
Total Pages: 342
ISBN-13: 0198524498
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFor almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.
Artificial Intelligence
Author: Stuart Russell
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Published: 2016-09-10
Total Pages: 626
ISBN-13: 9781537600314
DOWNLOAD EBOOKArtificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date introduction to the theory and practice of artificial intelligence. Number one in its field, this textbook is ideal for one or two-semester, undergraduate or graduate-level courses in Artificial Intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making
Author: Tshilidzi Marwala
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2014-10-20
Total Pages: 178
ISBN-13: 3319114247
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDevelops insights into solving complex problems in engineering, biomedical sciences, social science and economics based on artificial intelligence. Some of the problems studied are in interstate conflict, credit scoring, breast cancer diagnosis, condition monitoring, wine testing, image processing and optical character recognition. The author discusses and applies the concept of flexibly-bounded rationality which prescribes that the bounds in Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon’s bounded rationality theory are flexible due to advanced signal processing techniques, Moore’s Law and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making examines and defines the concepts of causal and correlation machines and applies the transmission theory of causality as a defining factor that distinguishes causality from correlation. It develops the theory of rational counterfactuals which are defined as counterfactuals that are intended to maximize the attainment of a particular goal within the context of a bounded rational decision making process. Furthermore, it studies four methods for dealing with irrelevant information in decision making: Theory of the marginalization of irrelevant information Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Automatic relevance determination method In addition it studies the concept of group decision making and various ways of effecting group decision making within the context of artificial intelligence. Rich in methods of artificial intelligence including rough sets, neural networks, support vector machines, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, incremental learning and fuzzy networks, this book will be welcomed by researchers and students working in these areas.
Causality, Correlation And Artificial Intelligence For Rational Decision Making
Author: Tshilidzi Marwala
Publisher: World Scientific
Published: 2015-01-02
Total Pages: 207
ISBN-13: 9814630888
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCausality has been a subject of study for a long time. Often causality is confused with correlation. Human intuition has evolved such that it has learned to identify causality through correlation. In this book, four main themes are considered and these are causality, correlation, artificial intelligence and decision making. A correlation machine is defined and built using multi-layer perceptron network, principal component analysis, Gaussian Mixture models, genetic algorithms, expectation maximization technique, simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization. Furthermore, a causal machine is defined and built using multi-layer perceptron, radial basis function, Bayesian statistics and Hybrid Monte Carlo methods. Both these machines are used to build a Granger non-linear causality model. In addition, the Neyman-Rubin, Pearl and Granger causal models are studied and are unified. The automatic relevance determination is also applied to extend Granger causality framework to the non-linear domain. The concept of rational decision making is studied, and the theory of flexibly-bounded rationality is used to extend the theory of bounded rationality within the principle of the indivisibility of rationality. The theory of the marginalization of irrationality for decision making is also introduced to deal with satisficing within irrational conditions. The methods proposed are applied in biomedical engineering, condition monitoring and for modelling interstate conflict.
Human Compatible
Author: Stuart Jonathan Russell
Publisher: Penguin Books
Published: 2019
Total Pages: 354
ISBN-13: 0525558616
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA leading artificial intelligence researcher lays out a new approach to AI that will enable people to coexist successfully with increasingly intelligent machines.
Rationality and Intelligence
Author: Jonathan Baron
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2005-07-07
Total Pages: 312
ISBN-13: 9780521017237
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRationality and Intelligence develops and justifies a prescriptive theory of rational thinking in terms of utility theory and the theory of rational life plans. The prescriptive theory, buttressed by other assumptions, suggests that people generally think too little and in a way that is insufficiently critical of the initial possibilities that occur to them.
