Culture of Encounters
Culture of Encounters

Author: Audrey Truschke

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2016-03-01

Total Pages: 503

ISBN-13: 0231540973

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Culture of Encounters documents the fascinating exchange between the Persian-speaking Islamic elite of the Mughal Empire and traditional Sanskrit scholars, which engendered a dynamic idea of Mughal rule essential to the empire's survival. This history begins with the invitation of Brahman and Jain intellectuals to King Akbar's court in the 1560s, then details the numerous Mughal-backed texts they and their Mughal interlocutors produced under emperors Akbar, Jahangir (1605–1627), and Shah Jahan (1628–1658). Many works, including Sanskrit epics and historical texts, were translated into Persian, elevating the political position of Brahmans and Jains and cultivating a voracious appetite for Indian writings throughout the Mughal world. The first book to read these Sanskrit and Persian works in tandem, Culture of Encounters recasts the Mughal Empire as a polyglot polity that collaborated with its Indian subjects to envision its sovereignty. The work also reframes the development of Brahman and Jain communities under Mughal rule, which coalesced around carefully selected, politically salient memories of imperial interaction. Along with its groundbreaking findings, Culture of Encounters certifies the critical role of the sociology of empire in building the Mughal polity, which came to irrevocably shape the literary and ruling cultures of early modern India.

Hindu Culture During and After Muslim Rule
Hindu Culture During and After Muslim Rule

Author: Ram Gopal

Publisher: M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 9788185880266

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This book brings out in a logical sequence, and in a chronological order, the main aspects of the Hindu Culture; Hindu-Muslim relationship at different stages during the past 1,200 years; fusion of the native culture and the culture of the invading Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mughals, and the English; and the politics of religion or the religion of Politics.

The Language of History
The Language of History

Author: Audrey Truschke

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2021-01-05

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 0231551959

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For over five hundred years, Muslim dynasties ruled parts of northern and central India, starting with the Ghurids in the 1190s through the fracturing of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century. Scholars have long drawn upon works written in Persian and Arabic about this epoch, yet they have neglected the many histories that India’s learned elite wrote about Indo-Muslim rule in Sanskrit. These works span the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire and discuss Muslim-led kingdoms in the Deccan and even as far south as Tamil Nadu. They constitute a major archive for understanding significant cultural and political changes that shaped early modern India and the views of those who lived through this crucial period. Audrey Truschke offers a groundbreaking analysis of these Sanskrit texts that sheds light on both historical Muslim political leaders on the subcontinent and how premodern Sanskrit intellectuals perceived the “Muslim Other.” She analyzes and theorizes how Sanskrit historians used the tools of their literary tradition to document Muslim governance and, later, as Muslims became an integral part of Indian cultural and political worlds, Indo-Muslim rule. Truschke demonstrates how this new archive lends insight into formulations and expressions of premodern political, social, cultural, and religious identities. By elaborating the languages and identities at play in premodern Sanskrit historical works, this book expands our historical and conceptual resources for understanding premodern South Asia, Indian intellectual history, and the impact of Muslim peoples on non-Muslim societies. At a time when exclusionary Hindu nationalism, which often grounds its claims on fabricated visions of India’s premodernity, dominates the Indian public sphere, The Language of History shows the complexity and diversity of the subcontinent’s past.

A Concise History of Modern India
A Concise History of Modern India

Author: Barbara D. Metcalf

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2006-09-28

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 1139458876

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In a second edition of their successful Concise History of Modern India, Barbara Metcalf and Thomas Metcalf explore India's modern history afresh and update the events of the last decade. These include the takeover of Congress from the seemingly entrenched Hindu nationalist party in 2004, India's huge advances in technology and the country's new role as a major player in world affairs. From the days of the Mughals, through the British Empire, and into Independence, the country has been transformed by its institutional structures. It is these institutions which have helped bring about the social, cultural and economic changes that have taken place over the last half century and paved the way for the modern success story. Despite these advances, poverty, social inequality and religious division still fester. In response to these dilemmas, the book grapples with questions of caste and religious identity, and the nature of the Indian nation.

Objects of Translation
Objects of Translation

Author: Finbarr Barry Flood

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2022-07-12

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 1400833248

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Objects of Translation offers a nuanced approach to the entanglements of medieval elites in the regions that today comprise Afghanistan, Pakistan, and north India. The book--which ranges in time from the early eighth to the early thirteenth centuries--challenges existing narratives that cast the period as one of enduring hostility between monolithic "Hindu" and "Muslim" cultures. These narratives of conflict have generally depended upon premodern texts for their understanding of the past. By contrast, this book considers the role of material culture and highlights how objects such as coins, dress, monuments, paintings, and sculptures mediated diverse modes of encounter during a critical but neglected period in South Asian history. The book explores modes of circulation--among them looting, gifting, and trade--through which artisans and artifacts traveled, remapping cultural boundaries usually imagined as stable and static. It analyzes the relationship between mobility and practices of cultural translation, and the role of both in the emergence of complex transcultural identities. Among the subjects discussed are the rendering of Arabic sacred texts in Sanskrit on Indian coins, the adoption of Turko-Persian dress by Buddhist rulers, the work of Indian stone masons in Afghanistan, and the incorporation of carvings from Hindu and Jain temples in early Indian mosques. Objects of Translation draws upon contemporary theories of cosmopolitanism and globalization to argue for radically new approaches to the cultural geography of premodern South Asia and the Islamic world.

Islamic Civilization in South Asia
Islamic Civilization in South Asia

Author: Burjor Avari

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 0415580617

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Muslims have been present in South Asia for 14 centuries. Nearly 40% of the people of this vast land mass follow the religion of Islam, and Muslim contribution to the cultural heritage of the sub-continent has been extensive. This textbook provides both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as the general reader, with a comprehensive account of the history of Islam in India, encompassing political, socio-economic, cultural and intellectual aspects. Using a chronological framework, the book discusses the main events in each period between c. 600 CE and the present day, along with the key social and cultural themes. It discusses a range of topics, including: How power was secured, and how was it exercised The crisis of confidence caused by the arrival of the West in the sub-continent How the Indo-Islamic synthesis in various facets of life and culture came about Excerpts at the end of each chapter allow for further discussion, and detailed maps alongside the text help visualise the changes through each time period. Introducing the reader to the issues concerning the Islamic past of South Asia, the book is a useful text for students and scholars of South Asian History and Religious Studies.

The Great Partition
The Great Partition

Author: Yasmin Khan

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2017-07-04

Total Pages: 285

ISBN-13: 0300233647

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A reappraisal of the tumultuous Partition and how it ignited long-standing animosities between India and Pakistan This new edition of Yasmin Khan’s reappraisal of the tumultuous India-Pakistan Partition features an introduction reflecting on the latest research and on ways in which commemoration of the Partition has changed, and considers the Partition in light of the current refugee crisis. Reviews of the first edition: “A riveting book on this terrible story.”—Economist “Unsparing. . . . Provocative and painful.”—Times (London) “Many histories of Partition focus solely on the elite policy makers. Yasmin Khan’s empathetic account gives a great insight into the hopes, dreams, and fears of the millions affected by it.”—Owen Bennett Jones, BBC

Parallel Pathways
Parallel Pathways

Author: Meenakshi Jain

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 295

ISBN-13: 9788122007831

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This work seeks to examine the state of Hindu-Muslim relations from the death of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, to the Revolt of 1857. There is a belief in certain circles that the Revolt of 1857 was the last notable manifestation of Hindu-Muslim unity. That unity, it is argued, was thereafter systematically undermined by the divide and rule policies unleashed by the British, leading eventually to the partition of the country in 1947. By this reckoning, Hindu-Muslim integration must have been an accomplished fact in the centuries preceding the Great Revolt. Micro-level studies by scholars, however, reveal a considerably more complex reality. After an overview of India in the eighteenth century, this work examines the political culture of the Mughal successor and Muslim conquest states. The cultural dynamics of the Hindu kingdoms that arose alongside are also studied in some detail. In the nineteenth century, as the British gained political ascendancy, the Indian intelligentsia began an intense debate on the nature of Indian nationalism. The broad contours of that debate have been presented here. One controversy that occupied prominent space in the political discourse of that era was the Hindi/Urdu debate, which has also been examined. Finally, the work surveys the nature of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, specially focusing on the views of theologians, scholars and the political class.

Shivaji
Shivaji

Author: James W. Laine

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2003-02-13

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 0199726434

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Shivaji is a well-known hero in western India. He defied Mughal power in the seventeenth century, established an independent kingdom, and had himself crowned in an orthodox Hindu ceremony. The legends of his life have become an epic story that everyone in western India knows, and an important part of the Hindu nationalists' ideology. To read Shivaji's legend today is to find expression of deeply held convictions about what Hinduism means and how it is opposed to Islam. James Laine traces the origin and development if the Shivaji legend from the earliest sources to the contemporary accounts of the tale. His primary concern is to discover the meaning of Shivaji's life for those who have composed-and those who have read-the legendary accounts of his military victories, his daring escapes, his relationships with saints. In the process, he paints a new and more complex picture of Hindu-Muslim relations from the seventeenth century to the present. He argues that this relationship involved a variety of compromises and strategies, from conflict to accommodation to nuanced collaboration. Neither Muslims nor Hindus formed clearly defined communities, says Laine, and they did not relate to each other as opposed monolithic groups. Different sub-groups, representing a range of religious persuasions, found it in their advantage to accentuate or diminish the importance of Hindu and Muslim identity and the ideologies that supported the construction of such identities. By studying the evolution of the Shivaji legend, Laine demonstrates, we can trace the development of such constructions in both pre-British and post-colonial periods.