IIEP-UNESCO pub. Research report on the relationship between higher education and the labour market in Germany, Federal Republic - discusses academic and research orientation of the educational system, educational planning and human resources planning trends (1957-1980), labour demand and labour supply forecasts, educational research, vocational guidance, impact of increasing enrolment and university graduates, etc.; includes educational policy and employment policy implications. References.
Higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) is addressed in six papers written between the years 1981 and 1985. The papers are as follows: (1) "Changing the Pattern of Higher Education Systems: An Account of Access and Structural Policies in the Federal Republic of Germany in Comparative Perspective;" (2) "The Changing Labour Force and Expansion of Higher Education in the Federal Republic of Germany;" (3) "Federal Systems of Higher Education: The Case of the Federal Republic of Germany;" (4) "Higher Education and Graduate Employment in the Federal Republic of Germany;" (5) "Further Education at Universities in the Federal Republic of Germany;" and (6) "University Staff in the Federal Republic of Germany." Topics include: the expansion of higher education after World War II and the access policy of West Germany and Western industrialized countries, ways of restructuring higher education to accommodate the growing number of students, five characteristics of German higher education that affect structural policy, five structural models for promoting access to higher education, the rationale of coordination of higher education at the national level in West Germany, the labor market for college graduates, adult education and continuing education, and the academic career and status of the college professoriate. (SW)
UNESCO pub. Comparison of higher education and of its relationship with employment in Germany, Federal Republic and the USSR - discusses the causes of rapid educational development of higher education, economic growth associated with technological change; examines the negative effect of economic recession on employment opportunities of university graduates; considers implications for educational planning, teaching methods, curriculum etc. Diagrams, graphs, references, statistical tables.
IIEP-UNESCO pub. Research report on the relationship between higher education and the labour market in Germany, Federal Republic - discusses academic and research orientation of the educational system, educational planning and human resources planning trends (1957-1980), labour demand and labour supply forecasts, educational research, vocational guidance, impact of increasing enrolment and university graduates, etc.; includes educational policy and employment policy implications. References.
This study seeks to examine the implications of student employment for the studies, the entry into the labour market, and social inequalities in higher education. The main argument is that both the quantity and quality of work alongside studies can affect relevant academic and labour market outcomes. On the one hand, high amounts of work may prolong the studies and decrease academic achievement. Side-jobs during studies may also distract away students from continuing on in education. On the other hand, jobs of better quality—such that provide experience and skills that are important for the future career—may enhance the transition from education to work. Most important, student employment may generate inequalities in the higher education system if the advantages and disadvantages of working are unequally shared among social groups. The study investigates these issues by using rich longitudinal data on the education and employment history of Bachelor’s students in Germany, by looking at various facets of students’ jobs, and by applying methods that aim at proving causality.
Originally published in 1987, this book focusses on the relationship between higher education and employment and is based on 21 national case studies. The countries discussed are Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Egypt, Germany, Malaysia, Pakistan, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Philippines, Poland, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Zambia, the State of West Bengal (India), Mali, Nepal, France, Indonesia and Peru. It is a unique collection of information, analyses and results which provide the basis for methodological lessons. The synthesis of the case studies has particular relevance as the unemployment or underemployment of higher-education graduates has become a universal issue, challenging all countries whether ‘developing’ or ‘developed’ and irrespective of their political ideology. Now, just as at the time of original publication, the effects of economic stagnation on the one hand, and an unchecked expansion of higher education on the other, are at the centre of the problem. The materials collected in the course of these studies provide a comprehensive data base which allows for some broad conclusions that are generally applicable to the higher-education planning process. The book identifies the determinants of demand for higher education and analyses the transition from higher education to work, as well as the actual mechanisms of the employment system during the latter part of the 20th Century.
Based on a unique comparative analysis of the education and work experiences of those who lived through the political and labour market changes of the transition to post-communism, the authors argue that, far from catching up with the rest of Germany, the social polarisations and erosion of the traditional 'dual system' of vocational education and training in Eastern Germany may portend the future for the West. The issues raised have considerable resonances with the problems and contradictions which have beset British education and training and labour market policy over the last decade.
This paper deals with the labor market entrance of young people in the Federal Republic" of Germany. The main focus is on failures during this stage. First, an overview of the youth" labor market in Germany is given. Then, the transition from vocational training to work is" analyzed: The duration of the first spell of non-employment after completion of formal" vocational training is analyzed by means of a proportional hazard function approach. Besides the" strong influence of the human capital variables there is a striking effect of the family background" of the youths. The following section addresses the extent to which early failures in the work" history have long-lasting effects on future incomes. There is some evidence for a permanent" income reduction.
