Local Commons and Global Interdependence
Local Commons and Global Interdependence

Author: Robert O Keohane

Publisher: SAGE

Published: 1994-11-15

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 144626517X

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This volume offers a synthesis of what is known about very large and very small common-pool resources. Individuals using commons at the global or local level may find themselves in a similar situation. At an international level, states cannot appeal to authoritative hierarchies to enforce agreements they make to cooperate with one another. In some small-scale settings, participants may be just as helpless in calling on distant public officials to monitor and enforce their agreements. Scholars have independently discovered self-organizing regimes which rely on implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules and procedures rather than the command and control of a central authority. The contributors discuss the possibilities and dangers of scaling up and scaling down. They explore the impact of the number of actors and the degree of heterogeneity among actors on the likelihood of cooperative behaviour.

Reciprocity, Altruism and the Civil Society
Reciprocity, Altruism and the Civil Society

Author: Luigino Bruni

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2008-05-13

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 1134088442

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The main emphasis of this new book from Luigino Bruni is a praise of heterogeneity, arguing that society works when different people are able to cooperate in many different ways. The author engages in a novel approach to reciprocity looking at its different forms in society, from cautious or contractual interactions, to the reciprocity of friendshi

Cooperating Heterogeneous Systems
Cooperating Heterogeneous Systems

Author: David G. Schwartz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 1461522110

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Cooperating Heterogeneous Systems provides an in-depth introduction to the issues and techniques surrounding the integration and control of diverse and independent software components. Organizations increasingly rely upon diverse computer systems to perform a variety of knowledge-based tasks. This presents technical issues of interoperability and integration, as well as philosophical issues of how cooperation and interaction between computational entities is to be realized. Cooperating systems are systems that work together towards a common end. The concepts of cooperation must be realized in technically sound system architectures, having a uniform meta-layer between knowledge sources and the rest of the system. The layer consists of a family of interpreters, one for each knowledge source, and meta-knowledge. A system architecture to integrate and control diverse knowledge sources is presented. The architecture is based on the meta-level properties of the logic programming language Prolog. An implementation of the architecture is described, a Framework for Logic Programming Systems with Distributed Execution (FLiPSiDE). Knowledge-based systems play an important role in any up-to-date arsenal of decision support tools. The tremendous growth of computer communications infrastructure has made distributed computing a viable option, and often a necessity in geographically distributed organizations. It has become clear that to take knowledge-based systems to their next useful level, it is necessary to get independent knowledge-based systems to work together, much as we put together ad hoc work groups in our organizations to tackle complex problems. The book is for scientists and software engineers who have experience in knowledge-based systems and/or logic programming and seek a hands-on introduction to cooperating systems. Researchers investigating autonomous agents, distributed computation, and cooperating systems will find fresh ideas and new perspectives on well-established approaches to control, organization, and cooperation.

The Calculus of Selfishness
The Calculus of Selfishness

Author: Karl Sigmund

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2010-01-04

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 140083225X

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A pioneer in evolutionary game theory looks at selfishness and cooperation How does cooperation emerge among selfish individuals? When do people share resources, punish those they consider unfair, and engage in joint enterprises? These questions fascinate philosophers, biologists, and economists alike, for the "invisible hand" that should turn selfish efforts into public benefit is not always at work. The Calculus of Selfishness looks at social dilemmas where cooperative motivations are subverted and self-interest becomes self-defeating. Karl Sigmund, a pioneer in evolutionary game theory, uses simple and well-known game theory models to examine the foundations of collective action and the effects of reciprocity and reputation. Focusing on some of the best-known social and economic experiments, including games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, Trust, Ultimatum, Snowdrift, and Public Good, Sigmund explores the conditions leading to cooperative strategies. His approach is based on evolutionary game dynamics, applied to deterministic and probabilistic models of economic interactions. Exploring basic strategic interactions among individuals guided by self-interest and caught in social traps, The Calculus of Selfishness analyzes to what extent one key facet of human nature—selfishness—can lead to cooperation.

Feedback, Punishment and Cooperation in Public Good Experiments
Feedback, Punishment and Cooperation in Public Good Experiments

Author: Nikos Nikiforakis

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 21

ISBN-13: 9780734040022

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A number of studies have shown that peer punishment can sustain cooperation in public good games. This paper shows that the format used to give subjects feedback is critical for the efficacy of punishment. Providing subjects with information about the earnings of their peers leads to lower contributions and earnings compared to a treatment in which subjects receive information about the contributions of their peers even though the feedback format does not affect incentives. The data suggest that this is because the feedback format acts as a coordination device, which influences the contribution standards that groups establish.

IT Convergence and Security 2017
IT Convergence and Security 2017

Author: Kuinam J. Kim

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-28

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 9811064512

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This is the first volume of proceedings including selected papers from the International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS) 2017, presenting a snapshot of the latest issues encountered in this field. It explores how IT convergence and security issues are core to most current research, and industrial and commercial activities. It consists of contributions covering topics such as machine learning & deep learning, communication and signal processing, computer vision and applications, future network technology, artificial intelligence and robotics. ICITCS 2017 is the latest in a series of highly successful International Conferences on IT Convergence and Security, previously held in Prague, Czech Republic(2016), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2015) Beijing, China (2014), Macau, China (2013), Pyeong Chang, Korea (2012), and Suwon, Korea (2011).

Robustness Tests for Quantitative Research
Robustness Tests for Quantitative Research

Author: Eric Neumayer

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-08-17

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 1108415393

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This highly accessible book presents robustness testing as the methodology for conducting quantitative analyses in the presence of model uncertainty.

ECSCW 2003
ECSCW 2003

Author: Kari Kuutti

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-06-27

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 9401000689

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th This volume gathers together the technical papers presented at the 8 European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW), held in Helsinki Finland. ECSCW is an international forum for multidisciplinary research covering the technical, empirical, and theoretical aspects of collaboration and computer systems. The 20 papers presented here have been selected via a rigorous reviewing process from 110 submissions. Both the number of submissions and the quality of the selected papers are testimony to the diversity and energy of the CSCW community. We trust that you will find the papers interesting and that they will serve to stimulate further quality work within the community. The technical papers are complemented by a wider set of activities at ECSCW 2003, including tutorials, workshops, demonstrations, videos, posters and a doctoral colloquium. Together these provide rich opportunities for discussion, learning and exploration of the more recent and novel issues in the field. This conference could not have taken place without considerable enthusiasm, support and participation, not to mention the hard work of a number of people. In particular, we would like to thank the following: • The authors, representing over 17 countries and 97 institutions, who submitted a paper. So many submissions of such high quality are the basis of a good conference. • The members of the program committee who so diligently reviewed and discussed papers. Their collective decisions result in a good scientific program and their feedback to authors strengthens the work of the community.