Ellipsometry is a powerful tool used for the characterization of thin films and multi-layer semiconductor structures. This book deals with fundamental principles and applications of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Beginning with an overview of SE technologies the text moves on to focus on the data analysis of results obtained from SE, Fundamental data analyses, principles and physical backgrounds and the various materials used in different fields from LSI industry to biotechnology are described. The final chapter describes the latest developments of real-time monitoring and process control which have attracted significant attention in various scientific and industrial fields.
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Since the great success of graphene, atomically thin-layered nanomaterials, called two dimensional (2D) materials, have attracted tremendous attention due to their extraordinary physical properties. Specifically, van der Waals heterostructured architectures based on a few 2D materials, named atomic-scale Lego, have been proposed as unprecedented platforms for the implementation of versatile devices with a completely novel function or extremely high-performance, shifting the research paradigm in materials science and engineering. Thus, diverse 2D materials beyond existing bulk materials have been widely studied for promising electronic, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric applications. Especially, this Special Issue included the recent advances in the unique preparation methods such as exfoliation-based synthesis and vacuum-based deposition of diverse 2D materials and also their device applications based on interesting physical properties. Specifically, this Editorial consists of the following two parts: Preparation methods of 2D materials and Properties of 2D materials
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a semiconductor which is composed of Mo atoms sandwiched between two layers of hexagonal close packed sulfur atoms in a structure similar to graphene. Traditionally, it has been used as a solid lubricant due to its low friction properties and as a hydrodesulfurisation catalyst to lower the sulfur content in natural gas and fuels. Bulk MoS2 were first examined as a possible hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst as early as 1977 by Tributsch et al. However, it was not until about 20 years later that its potential in the hydrogen evolution reaction was fully unveiled. This book discusses the synthesis, properties and industrial applications of molybdenum disulfide.
2D Materials for Nanophotonics presents a detailed overview of the applications of 2D materials for nanophotonics, covering the photonic properties of a range of 2D materials including graphene, 2D phosphorene and MXenes, and discussing applications in lighting and energy storage. This comprehensive reference is ideal for readers seeking a detailed and critical analysis of how 2D materials are being used for a range of photonic and optical applications. - Outlines the major photonic properties in a variety of 2D materials - Demonstrates major applications in lighting and energy storage - Explores the challenges of using 2D materials in photonics
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production describes the principles and materials challenges for the conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting at a semiconducting electrode. Readers will find an analysis of the solid state properties and materials requirements for semiconducting photo-electrodes, a detailed description of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, in addition to the photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell. Experimental techniques to investigate both materials and PEC device performance are outlined, followed by an overview of the current state-of-the-art in PEC materials and devices, and combinatorial approaches towards the development of new materials. Finally, the economic and business perspectives of PEC devices are discussed, and promising future directions indicated. Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production is a one-stop resource for scientists, students and R&D practitioners starting in this field, providing both the theoretical background as well as useful practical information on photoelectrochemical measurement techniques. Experts in the field benefit from the chapters on current state-of-the-art materials/devices and future directions.
2D Materials-Based Electrochemical Sensors presents electrochemical and biosensor applications of 2D materials and addresses their fundamental properties, sensing mechanisms and fabrication approaches. The book also includes recent theoretical and experimental investigations. Other sections cover the development of sensors and biosensors from the fabrication of two dimensional layered materials to sensing applications and address recent developments and future perspectives on electrochemical sensors based on a wide variety of 2D materials such as graphene, MXene, boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and black phosphorous. This will be a useful resource for researchers and scientists in the areas of analytical chemistry. This book will serve as a reference book both to the beginners and experienced researchers who are pursuing their research in 2D layered materials and their electrochemical sensing applications. - Provides basic working principles and sensing mechanisms of electrochemical sensors based on 2D materials - Addresses recent developments and future perspectives on electrochemical sensors and wearable/flexible sensors based on different 2D materials - Adopts a unique engineering approach of experimental techniques for the fabrication of modern and advanced electrochemical sensors based on 2D material
