Deals with the main aspects of preservation of grains after harvest in tropical and subtropical regions. Presents the entire range of technologies currently available, from the farm granary to large-scale storage facilities. Special emphasis has been placed on quality control as it is becoming more and more important in view of the marketable surplus. Aimed at private and public sector storage operators, extension workers, students and researchers.
Drying and storage are two significant unit operations in the food industry and are applied to both raw and processed products including cereal grains, oilseeds, legumes, flour, noodle, coffee, and cornstarch. The common characteristic of these materials is that all of them are hygroscopic and contain water. The hygroscopic properties are influenced by their physical properties, which are influenced by their storage environments such as bins, warehouses, bunkers, and temporary storage structures. This book focuses on the storage and drying of bulk products in these storage structures. On many occasions in our work with the grain storage and drying personnel especially our graduate students and industry contacts, we found a book explaining the fundamental principles of grain storage and drying is needed. Therefore, the primary objective of this book is to help readers understand the fundamental principles of grain storage and drying and develop a well-informed approach to solve grain storage and drying problems. Technologies for grain storage and drying are advanced through research; therefore, literature review and background on each topic has also been included. The book is generally intended for grain storage and drying students, engineers, and scientists. As reflected in the contents which are presented at several levels of depth, this book will serve well readers with different backgrounds and interests. An effort has been made to allow for independent reading of different sections, and to make a large part of this work accessible to a non-mathematical audience. The authors have combined their experience of teaching grain storage and drying to undergraduate and graduate students in the faculties of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Engineering. Material in the book is organized into broad topic areas: physical properties (Chapters 1 and 2), grain temperature and moisture (Chapters 2 and 6), water in biomaterials and relationship with its environment (Chapter 3), fundamental principles of aeration, drying, and rewetting (Chapter 4), and mathematical modelling of isotherm, drying, and re-wetting (Chapter 5). We hope our readers will benefit from the contents of the book for many decades.
Part 1 of this collection assesses the causes of postharvest losses. Part 2 reviews advances in storage technologies, including management of insect pests using techniques such as fumigation, controlled atmospheres and biopesticides, as well as control of fungal contamination.
Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics have been introduced in modelling and simulation of drying and storage systems, these techniques are expected to dominate the future research and development of drying and storages, and should reduce losses and improve the quality of agricultural products, enhancing food security globally. Drying and Storage of Cereal Grains, Second Edition, covers the wide spectrum of drying and storage methods applied to economically important cereal produce, providingnumerical examples for better understanding the complexity in drying and storage systems through modelling and simulation, aiding design and management of drying and storage systems. Chapters 1 to 8 look at air and grain moisture equilibria, psychrometry, physical and thermal properties of cereal grains, principles of air flow, and provide detailed analyses of grain drying.Chapters 9 to 13 focus on temperature and moisture in grain storages, and provide comprehensive treatment of modern grain storage systems. The book also includes a number of unsolved problems at the end of each chapter for further practice. This revised second edition includes new sections on - heat of sorption finite element modeling of single kernel CFD modeling of fluidized bed drying exergy analysis and neural network modeling numerical solution of two dimensional temperature and moisture changes in stored grain This book will provide students in agricultural engineering and food engineering with a wide spectrum of drying and storage studies previously unavailable in a single monograph. It will also serve as an excellent reference for practicing agricultural engineers, food engineers and food technologists.
The tightening of health and environmental regulations by banning chemical pesticides has generated the need for alternative technologies to solve grain storage problems. Aeration is such an option that can be applied to stored grain and a wide range of agricultural commodities to control insects and maintain quality. The Mechanics and Physics of M
Stored products of agriculture and animal origin are attacked by more than 600 species of beetles, 70 species of moths, and about 355 species of mites, causing huge quantitative and qualitative losses and insect contamination in food commodities. This is an important quality control problem. This book, Insect Pests of Stored Grain: Biology, Behavior, and Management Strategies, provides comprehensive coverage of stored product entomology for the sustainable management of insects and other noninsect pests, such as mites, birds, rodents, and fungi, with the aim to mitigate and eliminate these losses of food from grains. The author, who has studied sustainable and herbal management of stored grain and seed insect pests in his research, considers sustainable management of stored grain insect pests and eco-friendly approaches along with the utilization of waste materials. Starting with a history of stored product entomology from the beginning to the modern era in detail along with an introduction of storage entomology, the book then goes on to cover a range of important issues, including Significant developments in the field of storage entomology Classification and identification of important stored grain insects Major stored product coleopteran and lepidopteran insects that infest stored commodities Estimation of losses caused by stored grain insect pests Factors responsible for infestation of stored grain insects Different storage structures Alternative methods for the management of stored grain insects by utilization of behavior modification techniques or utilization of secondary metabolites of plants Fumigation of stored grains for the protection of infestation Insect Pests of Stored Grain: Biology, Behavior, and Management Strategies covers a vast amount of valuable information on stored product entomology for the sustainable management of insects and other noninsect pests.
The Encyclopedia of Food Grains, Four Volume Set is an in-depth and authoritative reference covering all areas of grain science. Coverage includes everything from the genetics of grains to the commercial, economic and social aspects of this important food source. Also covered are the biology and chemistry of grains, the applied aspects of grain production and the processing of grains into various food and beverage products. With the paramount role of cereals as a global food source, this Encyclopedia is sure to become the standard reference work in the field of science. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Written from an international perspective the Encyclopedia concentrates on the food uses of grains, but details are also provided about the wider roles of grains Well organized and accessible, it is the ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals seeking an authoritative overview on any particular aspect of grain science This second edition has four print volumes which provides over 200 articles on food grains Includes extensive cross-referencing and "Further Reading" lists at the end of each article for deeper exploration into the topic This edition also includes useful items for students and teachers alike, with Topic Highlights, Learning objectives, Exercises for Revision and exercises to explore the topic further
Global wheat consumption in the 2016/2017 season is forecasted to reach a record high 736m tonnes, showing a growth of 25% in the last 15 years. This raises the question which outlets the wheat is going into, what the growth of these outlets is, which regions or countries have grown the most, and where do we see future potential. Strong competition of other feed grains like corn is expected to slow the growth of wheat used for feed in the next years, and in the future, companies involved in the grain supply chain and feeding industry will need to be flexible enough to continue to meet this fast-changing demand for feed grains. For feed producers, this means they need to be able to access supplies of different grains from different origins to allow for the cheapest composition of their feed, while grain suppliers need to be able to continuously best engage with global trading opportunities to originate grains in various regions and move them to demand regions as cost-effectively as possible.
