Global International Waters Assessment
Global International Waters Assessment

Author: Ain Lääne

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 94

ISBN-13:

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This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Baltic sea region, one of the largest brackish water areas in the world. As a semi-enclosed sea, it is very sensitive to antrhopogenic pressures. Pollution remains the overarching problem. Eutrophication and overexploitation of fisheries remain severe problems. Policy options to mitigate these conditions are based on the Helsinki Convention and the EU Wate Framework Directive.

Global International Waters Assessment
Global International Waters Assessment

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 69

ISBN-13:

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This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Baltic Sea region, one of the largest brackish water areas in the world. It is a semi-enclosed sea, which together with other physical as well as socio-economic characteristics makes it very sensitive to anthropogenic pressures. Eutrophication remains the most pressing problem in the region, as nitrogen and phosphorus inputs are still too high, despite considerable efforts to reduce discharges. The issue of overexploitation of fish is also considered as a severe problem, mainly due to the overutilization of fishing quotas, high exploitation rate and oversized fleet capacity. The past and present status and future prospects of these issues are discussed, and they are traced back to their root causes. Policy options to mitigate these problems are proposed, which are closely connected to the basic principles of the Helsinki Convention and EU Water Framework Directive to cater for a harmonized implementation of water protection measures in the Baltic Sea States.--Publisher's description.

Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea

Author: United Nations Environment Programme

Publisher: University of Kalmar

Published: 2006-05-19

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13: 9789211586985

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This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Baltic Sea region, one of the largest brackish water areas in the world. It is a semi-enclosed sea, which together with other physical as well as socio-economic characteristics makes it very sensitive to anthropogenic pressures. Eutrophication remains the most pressing problem in the region, as nitrogen and phosphorus inputs are still too high, despite considerable efforts to reduce discharges. The issue of overexploitation of fish is also considered as a severe problem, mainly due to the overutilisation of fishing quotas, high exploitation rate and oversized fleet capacity. The past and present status and future prospects of these issues are discussed, and they are traced back to their root causes. Policy options to mitigate these problems are proposed, which are closely connected to the basic principles of the Helsinki Convention and EU Water Framework Directive to cater for a harmonised implementation of water protection measures in the Baltic Sea states.

Ecosystems and Living Resources of the Baltic Sea
Ecosystems and Living Resources of the Baltic Sea

Author: Evald Ojaveer

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-03-08

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 3319530100

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This volume presents a reconstruction of the formation of the environmental conditions and biota in the present-day Baltic Sea area during the last glacial cycle and thereafter under the influence of extra-terrestrial, climatic and geological factors. Abiotic conditions in the contemporary Baltic Sea (water salinity, temperature, oxygen and light conditions, currents and other water movements) are characterized and in this background the natural regional system of the sea has been generated. Important issues are considered such as life forms in the Baltic and their dependence on the natural environment (both in the conditions of the relative stable environment and during the regime shifts), as well as anthropogenic influences and the basic differences between the areas of the World Ocean and the brackish Baltic Sea. This book also equips readers with basic principles of assessments and management of ecosystems and fish resources (including the long-term assessment and forecast on ecosystems and fish resources) and provides information on the structures of international collaboration developed in the Baltic Sea.