Before the introduction of antisepsis and inoculation, people commonly died due to unsanitary conditions in the home, or following surgery or childbirth. Between them, the great scientists Louis Pasteur (1822-1893) and Joseph Lister (1827-1912) extended widely the practice of inoculation and revolutionized medical practice. Pasteur's discovery that living organisms are the cause of fermentation formed the basis of the modern germ theory. Following Pasteur's researches, Lister proceeded to develop his antiseptic surgical methods. These breakthroughs in medicine are to be reckoned among the greatest discoveries of the nineteenth century.
Winner, 2018 PEN/E.O. Wilson Prize for Literary Science Writing Short-listed for the 2018 Wellcome Book Prize A Top 10 Science Book of Fall 2017, Publishers Weekly A Best History Book of 2017, The Guardian "Warning: She spares no detail!" —Erik Larson, bestselling author of Dead Wake In The Butchering Art, the historian Lindsey Fitzharris reveals the shocking world of nineteenth-century surgery and shows how it was transformed by advances made in germ theory and antiseptics between 1860 and 1875. She conjures up early operating theaters—no place for the squeamish—and surgeons, who, working before anesthesia, were lauded for their speed and brute strength. These pioneers knew that the aftermath of surgery was often more dangerous than patients’ afflictions, and they were baffled by the persistent infections that kept mortality rates stubbornly high. At a time when surgery couldn’t have been more hazardous, an unlikely figure stepped forward: a young, melancholy Quaker surgeon named Joseph Lister, who would solve the riddle and change the course of history. Fitzharris dramatically reconstructs Lister’s career path to his audacious claim that germs were the source of all infection and could be countered by a sterilizing agent applied to wounds. She introduces us to Lister’s contemporaries—some of them brilliant, some outright criminal—and leads us through the grimy schools and squalid hospitals where they learned their art, the dead houses where they studied, and the cemeteries they ransacked for cadavers. Eerie and illuminating, The Butchering Art celebrates the triumph of a visionary surgeon whose quest to unite science and medicine delivered us into the modern world.
Lister recorded the importance of his findings about the use of antiseptics in surgeries and the use of clean sterile tools. He also discussed germs and their relation to illnesses. We are delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive Classic Library collection. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. The aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature, and our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. The contents of the vast majority of titles in the Classic Library have been scanned from the original works. To ensure a high quality product, each title has been meticulously hand curated by our staff. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with a book that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic work, and that for you it becomes an enriching experience.
In this book the author explores the shifting philosophical boundaries of modern medical knowledge and practice occasioned by the crisis of quality-of-care, especially in terms of the various humanistic adjustments to the biomedical model. To that end he examines the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical boundaries of these medical models. He begins with their metaphysics, analyzing the metaphysical positions and presuppositions and ontological commitments upon which medical knowledge and practice is founded. Next, he considers the epistemological issues that face these medical models, particularly those driven by methodological procedures undertaken by epistemic agents to constitute medical knowledge and practice. Finally, he examines the axiological boundaries and the ethical implications of each model, especially in terms of the physician-patient relationship. In a concluding Epilogue, he discusses how the philosophical analysis of the humanization of modern medicine helps to address the crisis-of-care, as well as the question of “What is medicine?” The book’s unique features include a comprehensive coverage of the various topics in the philosophy of medicine that have emerged over the past several decades and a philosophical context for embedding bioethical discussions. The book’s target audiences include both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as healthcare professionals and professional philosophers. “This book is the 99th issue of the Series Philosophy and Medicine...and it can be considered a crown of thirty years of intensive and dynamic discussion in the field. We are completely convinced that after its publication, it can be finally said that undoubtedly the philosophy of medicine exists as a special field of inquiry.”
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The Harvard Classics Anthology stands as a monumental collection that showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of human thought, creativity, and expression across ages and cultures. Featuring works by luminary figures such as Plato, Shakespeare, Kant, Darwin, and many others, this anthology spans a multitude of literary styles, from the philosophical treatises of antiquity to the poignant narratives of the modern era. Each piece has been carefully selected to highlight the diversity of human thought and the continuities in our collective intellectual and cultural endeavors. The inclusion of stand-out pieces from varied time periods and geographic locales underscores the anthology's commitment to a comprehensive exploration of the human condition. Bringing together authors from the realms of literature, science, philosophy, and beyond, The Harvard Classics Anthology encompasses a striking array of backgrounds and perspectives. These authors, hailing from different centuries and societies, contribute to a dialogue that transcends temporal and geographical boundaries. The collection aligns with significant historical, cultural, and literary movements, offering readers insights into the development of human thought and the interplay of cultural forces. The varied voices in this anthology enrich the overarching theme by providing a multifaceted exploration of humanity's greatest achievements, struggles, and questions. The Harvard Classics Anthology is a testament to the enduring power of the written word and its capacity to illuminate the complexities of the human experience. Readers are afforded a unique opportunity to journey through time and space, encountering the minds and hearts of some of history's most revered thinkers and writers. This anthology is not merely a collection of works; it is an invitation to engage in a dialogue with the giants of human history. For scholars, students, and the intellectually curious, this volume offers an unparalleled educational experience, and the breadth of insights contained within its pages fosters a deeper understanding of our shared heritage and the continuing narrative of human thought and creativity.
The Harvard Classics: All 71 Volumes represents an unparalleled assemblage of literary, philosophical, and scientific works that have shaped the underpinnings of Western cultural heritage. Spanning millennia, this comprehensive anthology brings together the towering figures of literature, philosophy, and science, from the dramatic dialogues of Plato to the poignant narratives of Goethe, the keen observations of Darwin, and the profound inquiries of Kant. Its diverse range of styles and themesencompassing the transformative literature of Shakespeare, the foundational plays of Euripides, and the revolutionary explorations of Galileo and Newtonstands as a testament to human creativity and intellect. The anthology does not just celebrate individual genius but emphasizes the dialogue between these works, highlighting the interconnectedness of human thought across time and space. The contributing authors and editors of the Harvard Classics collection represent a veritable who's who of literary and intellectual history. Their backgrounds as pioneers, revolutionaries, and visionaries in their respective fields contributed to a rich mosaic of human experience and understanding. This anthology aligns with key historical, cultural, and literary movements, ranging from the Enlightenment to Romanticism, showcasing how these varied voices collectively contribute to a deeper understanding of themes such as human nature, governance, and the pursuit of knowledge. The collection is both a commemoration of individual achievement and a chronicle of the human endeavor to comprehend our world and our place within it. This anthology is recommended for readers who wish to immerse themselves in the expanse of human knowledge and creativity. The Harvard Classics: All 71 Volumes offers a unique opportunity to explore the breadth and depth of the human intellect across centuries and civilizations. It encourages a dialogue with the past, providing educational value through its diverse insights into human culture, thought, and achievements. Readers will find in these pages a lifetime of wisdom and inspiration, making this collection a cornerstone for any home library, an invaluable resource for scholars, and a treasure trove for anyone passionate about the continuing journey of human thought and expression.
The Harvard Classics: Complete 51-Volume Anthology represents an unparalleled assembly of the literary genius that has shaped the western canon from antiquity through the 19th century. With a sweeping scope that encompasses philosophy, drama, poetry, science, and political thought, this collection offers a range of literary styles and themes, crafted by some of historys most influential writers. Standout pieces from the likes of William Shakespeare, Plato, and Charles Darwin, among others, illustrate the diversity within. This anthology not only showcases the development of literary form and thought but also highlights the enduring questions and challenges that continue to inspire readers today. The contributing authors and editors, from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to John Stuart Mill, embody a myriad of historical, cultural, and literary movements. Their collective work reflects the Renaissance's humanistic curiosities, the Enlightenment's reasoned debates on society and the self, and the Romantic era's introspective exploration of emotion. This collection does not merely gather texts; it weaves a rich tapestry of intellectual history and the evolution of ideas across centuries, revealing the building blocks of contemporary thought and cultural norms. The Harvard Classics: Complete 51-Volume Anthology is recommended for anyone with a thirst for knowledge and an interest in the vast spectrum of human experience as expressed through literature. This anthology offers more than a chance to readit invites a journey through the collective human intellect, engaging with the minds that have fundamentally shaped the way we understand ourselves and our world. For scholars, students, and general enthusiasts, delving into this collection promises not only educational enrichment but also a profound exploration of the variety and depth of human thinking.
William Watson Cheyne (1852-1932), a surgeon by training and a student of Joseph Lister, was a prominent British bacteriologist who published 60 papers and 13 monographs from 1879 to 1927. A proponent of the idea that bacteriology and medicine were interdependent disciplines, he investigated the causes and treatment of wound infections, tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus and gangrene. In 1897, he organized an historical outline of 19th century bacteriology in five landmark periods of discovery, each defined by the work of an influential figure. This study documents his contributions to the history of microbiology and describes his activities as a laboratory investigator, clinician, surgeon, translator, editor and educator.
