Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Mohar Singh

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 0123984947

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Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. - Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes - Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance - Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts - Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement - Internationally contributed work

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Shivali Sharma

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 46

ISBN-13: 0128064382

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Chickpea is an important protein-rich crop with considerable diversity present among 44 annual Cicer species. A large collection of chickpea germplasm including wild Cicer species has been conserved in different gene banks globally. However, the effective and efficient utilization of these resources is required to develop new cultivars with a broad genetic base. Using core and mini-core collections, chickpea researchers have identified diverse germplasm possessing various beneficial traits that are now being used in chickpea breeding. Further, for chickpea improvement, the genus Cicer harbours alleles/genes for tolerance/resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses as well as for agronomic and nutrition-related traits. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have resulted in developing large number of markers specific to chickpea in addition to technological breakthrough in developing high-throughput genotyping platforms for unlocking the genetic potential available in germplasm collections.

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Petr Smýkal

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 54

ISBN-13: 0128064374

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Pea is an important temperate region pulse, with feed, fodder and vegetable uses. It originated and was domesticated in Middle East and Mediterranean regions, and formed important dietary components of early civilizations. Although Pisum is a very small genus with two or three species, it is diverse and structured, reflecting taxonomy, ecogeography and breeding gene pools. This diversity has been preserved in collections totalling about 90,000 accessions. Core collections have been formed, facilitating phenotypic and agronomic evaluations. However, only 3% of ex situ collections are wild Pisum sp., with substantially larger diversity. The genomic resources allow initiation of association mapping, linking genetic diversity with trait manifestation. So far, only a small part of wild gene pools have been exploited in breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses. Current genomic knowledge and technologies can facilitate allele mining for novel traits and incorporation from wild Pisum sp. into elite domestic genetic backgrounds.

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Maalouf Fouad

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13: 0128064390

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Faba bean was first domesticated in the Near East about 10,000 BC. It is now grown worldwide on 2.56 million ha with a yield of 4.56 million tons. The traditional landraces are affected by the different biotic and abiotic stresses. Replacement of these low-yielding landraces by improved cultivars has resulted in a yield increase of 15.4kg/ha/year over the last 40 years. A reduction of the planted area from 7.5 million ha in 1961 to 2.56 million ha in 2010 and cultivation of improved cultivars are the major causes of genetic erosion. Gene banks around the world conserved more than 36,000 accessions. Diversity studies showed limited variation among currently grown cultivars, but high variation among different botanical groups has been recorded. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas has undertaken desirable selection and breeding efforts to identify different sources of resistance and to develop improved varieties in collaboration with national agricultural research systems. A molecular approach was used in advanced research institutes to tag major genes/quantitative trait loci with molecular markers. However, more efforts are needed to saturate the genetic maps to facilitate marker-assisted breeding.

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Ishwari Singh Bisht

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 0128064447

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The Asian Vigna in the subgenus Ceratotropis, with several recognized species distributed across Asia, constitute an economically important group of cultivated and wild species for which a rich diversity occurs in India and other parts of Asia. Taxonomically, cultigen and conspecific wild forms are recognized in all major cultivated Asiatic pulses, mung bean (V. radiata), urd bean (V. mungo), rice bean (V. umbellata) and azuki bean (V. angularis) except for moth bean (V. aconitifolia), which has retained a wild-type morphology. The cultivated species V. radiata and V. mungo are of Indian origin. The domestication of V. aconitifolia is also apparently Indian, whereas that of V. angularis and V. umbellata is Far Eastern. A comprehensive review on origin,distribution, diversity, evaluation and utilization including genomic resources of Asian Vigna species is described in the chapter. The compilation will be a valuable reference for agriculturists, conservationists, taxonomists and other researchers interested in the genetic and genomic resources management of Asian Vigna species.

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Ousmane Boukar

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 30

ISBN-13: 0128064404

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), an indigenous legume to sub-Saharan Africa, is mainly grown in the dry savanna areas as an intercrop with millets, sorghum, groundnut and maize. Cowpea grains rich in protein are consumed in different forms in several parts of the tropics. The average grain yield of cowpea in West Africa is approximately 492kg/ha, which is much lower than its potential yields. This low productivity is due to a host of diseases, insects, pests, parasitic weeds, drought, poor soils and low plant population density in farmers’ fields. Ex situ collection of over 15,000 accessions of cowpea and wild Vigna germplasm from different parts of the world were assembled in the IITA gene bank. These genetic resources have been explored to identify new traits and to develop elite cowpea varieties. Many cowpea varieties with high yield potential have been developed and adopted by the farmers. Efforts are continuing to develop better performing varieties using conventional breeding procedures, while molecular tools are being developed to facilitate progress in cowpea breeding.

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: R.K. Chahota

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 23

ISBN-13: 0128064463

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Horse gram is a pulse and fodder crop native to Southeast Asia and tropical Africa. India is the only country cultivating horse gram on a large acreage, where it is being used for human food. It is a versatile crop and can be grown from near sea level to 1800m. It is a drought-tolerant crop plant and can be grown successfully with low rainfall. Global efforts to conserve the horse gram germplasm are lacking, as the crop does not attract much notice. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) conserved only 35 accessions of Macrotyloma uniflorum in its gene bank. Protabase (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Database), responsible for germplasm conservation for African countries, has only 21 accessions in the National Gene Bank of Kenya. Australian Tropical Crops and Forages Genetic Resources Centre, Biloela, Queensland has 38 accessions of horse gram. In India, the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, is a nodal agency for the collection, conservation and documentation of horse gram germplasm; a total of 1627 accessions of horse gram are conserved in its gene bank. About 1161 accessions were systematically characterized and evaluated during 1999–2004 in different research institutions in India. No information on genomic resources is available for horse gram. However, the genetic information available for much researched related legume species could be useful in linkage map construction and for tagging and mapping of useful genes.

Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement

Author: Clarice Coyne

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-07-18

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13: 0128064412

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Lentil (Lens culinaris spp. culinaris) has a long history associated with the early civilizations 11,000 BP in southwestern Asia. The progenitor taxon is Lens culinaris spp. orientalis. The primary source of germplasm for lentil crop improvement is from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria, and other ex situ national collections. Typical of many crop species, lentil experienced a genetic bottleneck during domestication. Fortunately, many biotic and abiotic stress resistances have been identified and accessed from the wild Lens taxon held ex situ to expand the genetic diversity available for crop improvement. Lentil crop wild relatives (CWR) represent

Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement
Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement

Author: Ram J. Singh

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2006-11-02

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 1420005367

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Summarizing landmark research, Volume 4 of this essential seriesfurnishes information on the availability of germplasm resources that breeders can exploit for producing high-yielding oilseed crop varieties. Written by leading international experts, this volume presents the most up-to-date information on employing genetic resources to increas

Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement

Author: Mohar Singh

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2015-11-10

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 0128020377

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Genetic and Genomic Resources For Cereals Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest available genetic resources and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping, and allele mining that are needed to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. As grain cereals, including rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and millets constitute the bulk of global diets, both of vegetarian and non-vegetarian, there is a greater need for further genetic improvement, breeding, and plant genetic resources to secure the future food supply. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists, and students working with crop development and the changes in environmental climate that have had significant impact on crop production. It includes the latest information on tactics that ensure that environmentally robust genes and crops resilient to climate change are identified and preserved. - Provides a single-volume resource on the global research work on grain cereals genetics and genomics - Presents information for effectively managing and utilizing the genetic resources of this core food supply source - Includes coverage of rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and pearl, finger and foxtail millets