This book from the Materials Research Society emphasizes the broad scientific and technological interest in applications of organic materials to optoelectronics and optics. Materials synthesis, modification, and characterization from the nanoscale to the mesoscale to the macroscale are discussed. Approaches for modeling and theoretical analysis of these materials are highlighted. Also featured in the volume are a keynote talk from Professor Alan Heeger, 2000 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, as well as five papers from the Microphotonics symposium that address photonic crystals involving organic materials. Additional topics include: metal/organic interfaces - electronic structure and charge injection; photonic/nonlinear optical materials and devices; design and synthesis of electroluminescent materials; applications in displays; electrochromic polymers/sensors; organic transistors; photovoltaics and photodetectors - transport in bulk organic materials and novel patterning schemes.
This volume, the sixth in a continuing series, presents cutting edge multidisciplinary work on the characterization of ancient materials; the technologies of selection, production and usage by which materials are transformed into objects and artifacts; the science underlying their deterioration, preservation and conservation; and sociocultural interpretation derived from an empirical methodology of observation, measurement and experimentation. Preserving cultural heritage extends beyond artifact preservation to developing a critical understanding of how ancient people used technology and craft to solve problems of survival and organization and to make symbols or representations of what was important in their world, especially for its maintenance, longevity and beautification. Of particular interest in this volume are contributions which explore the interface and overlap among traditional materials science, the history of technology and the archaeological and conservation sciences, or that investigate new methods and applications of materials science in art and archaeology. Topics include: conservation and preservation science; preservation-design, characterization and assessment; characterization-new methods and improved techniques; archaeological science and archaeometry; site formation, site analysis, resource survey and organization of technology; weathering, dating, technology and authentication; archaeomaterials, technology and society; replicative experiments, synthesis of materials and model systems; historic technologies; and ancient technology and modern craft.
This book provides a benchmark for the state of the field of thermoelectric materials research and development. Highlights of the volume include results on superlattices that show a ZT = 2.4 at room temperature in p-type Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice thermoelectrics. In addition, preliminary results on p-n couple devices from these superlattices indicate fast-acting spot cooling in addition to improved performance. Thermoelectric materials are utilized in a wide variety of applications related to solid-state refrigeration or small-scale power generation. The book focuses on traditional thermoelectric materials new materials as well as developments in device engineering. Many papers presented here revolve around either maximizing the numerator of Z, called the power factor, or by minimizing l. Topics include: guidance to advanced thermoelectric research; skutterudites; new materials, approaches and measurements; clathrates; chalcogenides; devices; thermoelectric materials and devices - research and development; nanowires and oxides.