Human brains can be seen as knowledge processors in a distributed system. Each of them can achieve, conscious or not, a small part of a treatment too important to be done by one. These are also "hunter / gatherers" of knowledge. Provided that the number of contributors is large enough, the results are usually better quality than if they were the result of the activity of a single person, even if it is a domain expert. This type of activity is done via online games.
Human brains can be seen as knowledge processors in a distributed system. Each of them can achieve, conscious or not, a small part of a treatment too important to be done by one. These are also "hunter / gatherers" of knowledge. Provided that the number of contributors is large enough, the results are usually better quality than if they were the result of the activity of a single person, even if it is a domain expert. This type of activity is done via online games.
Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Computer Science - Software, grade: 2,3, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Informatik), language: English, abstract: This thesis proposes a way to contribute to the data generation process for the Semantic Web. It picks up the idea of Extreme Tagging Systems (ETS), which are an extension to well-known Collaborative Tagging Systems (CTS) like Delicious and Flickr, where users can associate keywords (or "tags") with resources like websites or pictures. ETS allow for more flexibility because they let the users not only tag resources but also tags themselves and even let the users specify the relation between two tags. A concept for an ETS implementation as a game is developed. This game is primarily meant to be fun for the users, by this trying to motivate them to continue to use the system. But at the same time through the game the users do work and help to solve problems that cannot yet be automated - in this case problems of Extreme Tagging. Such games that are both fun and useful are called Games With a Purpose (GWAPs). The concept for an ETS as a GWAP is implemented as well as an ETS as a website. The work then compares both implementations in respect to user motivation (fun), efficiency and productivity. It shows that the implementation as game outperforms the website in all examined aspects. For example the evaluation reveals that a user of the website is expected to generate 33 tags during her lifetime use of the system whereas a player of the game is expected to generate 53 tags. This thesis also describes several points that could further increase the advance of the game and tries to encourage further research and work being done in this direction as it seems to be a promising approach.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Joint International Conference on Serious Games, JCSG 2023, held in Dublin, Ireland, during October 26–27, 2023. The 18 full papers presented together with 9 short papers and 14 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. They are grouped into the following topics: technology and systems; theoretical and design aspects; health and wellbeing; extended realities; soft and social skills; academic skills; and posters and exhibits.
This volume addresses the emerging area of human computation, The chapters, written by leading international researchers, explore existing and future opportunities to combine the respective strengths of both humans and machines in order to create powerful problem-solving capabilities. The book bridges scientific communities, capturing and integrating the unique perspective and achievements of each. It coalesces contributions from industry and across related disciplines in order to motivate, define, and anticipate the future of this exciting new frontier in science and cultural evolution. Readers can expect to find valuable contributions covering Foundations; Application Domains; Techniques and Modalities; Infrastructure and Architecture; Algorithms; Participation; Analysis; Policy and Security and the Impact of Human Computation. Researchers and professionals will find the Handbook of Human Computation a valuable reference tool. The breadth of content also provides a thorough foundation for students of the field.
This LNCS volume constitutes the proceedings of 12th International Conference, GALA 2023, in Dublin, Ireland, held during November/December 2023. The 36 full papers and 13 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. The papers contained in this book have been organized into six categories, reflecting the variety of theoretical approaches and application domains of research into serious games: 1. The Serious Games and Game Design 2. User experience, User Evaluation and User Analysis in Serious Games 3. Serious Games for Instruction 4. Serious Games for Health, Wellbeing and Social Change 5. Evaluating and Assessing Serious Games Elements 6. Posters
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2016, held in Annecy, France, in July 2016. The 14 full papers and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. They are organized around the following topical sections: time representation; graphs and networks; formal concept analysis; ontologies and linked data.
While many Web 2.0-inspired approaches to semantic content authoring do acknowledge motivation and incentives as the main drivers of user involvement, the amount of useful human contributions actually available will always remain a scarce resource. Complementarily, there are aspects of semantic content authoring in which automatic techniques have proven to perform reliably, and the added value of human (and collective) intelligence is often a question of cost and timing. The challenge that this book attempts to tackle is how these two approaches (machine- and human-driven computation) could be combined in order to improve the cost-performance ratio of creating, managing, and meaningfully using semantic content. To do so, we need to first understand how theories and practices from social sciences and economics about user behavior and incentives could be applied to semantic content authoring. We will introduce a methodology to help software designers to embed incentives-minded functionalities into semantic applications, as well as best practices and guidelines. We will present several examples of such applications, addressing tasks such as ontology management, media annotation, and information extraction, which have been built with these considerations in mind. These examples illustrate key design issues of incentivized Semantic Web applications that might have a significant effect on the success and sustainable development of the applications: the suitability of the task and knowledge domain to the intended audience, and the mechanisms set up to ensure high-quality contributions, and extensive user involvement. Table of Contents: Semantic Data Management: A Human-driven Process / Fundamentals of Motivation and Incentives / Case Study: Motivating Employees to Annotate Content / Case Study: Building a Community of Practice Around Web Service Management and Annotation / Case Study: Games with a Purpose for Semantic Content Creation / Conclusions
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Games and Learning Alliance, GALA 2013, held in Paris, France, in October 2013. The 25 revised papers presented together with 9 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers advance the state of the art in the technologies and knowledge available to support development and deployment of serious games. They are organized in 3 research tracks on design, technology and application. Also included is the outcome of a GALA workshop on a widely applied instructional design model: 4C-ID.
This volume presents a knowledge-based approach to concept-level sentiment analysis at the crossroads between affective computing, information extraction, and common-sense computing, which exploits both computer and social sciences to better interpret and process information on the Web. Concept-level sentiment analysis goes beyond a mere word-level analysis of text in order to enable a more efficient passage from (unstructured) textual information to (structured) machine-processable data, in potentially any domain. Readers will discover the following key novelties, that make this approach so unique and avant-garde, being reviewed and discussed: • Sentic Computing's multi-disciplinary approach to sentiment analysis-evidenced by the concomitant use of AI, linguistics and psychology for knowledge representation and inference • Sentic Computing’s shift from syntax to semantics-enabled by the adoption of the bag-of-concepts model instead of simply counting word co-occurrence frequencies in text • Sentic Computing's shift from statistics to linguistics-implemented by allowing sentiments to flow from concept to concept based on the dependency relation between clauses This volume is the first in the Series Socio-Affective Computing edited by Dr Amir Hussain and Dr Erik Cambria and will be of interest to researchers in the fields of socially intelligent, affective and multimodal human-machine interaction and systems.
