Fungal Associations in an Urban Forest

Fungal Associations in an Urban Forest

Author: Jordan Leis

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Fungal communities worldwide are scarcely understood in part due to their vast networks stretching underground or woven into the biomass of plant life. Even macrofungi which produce fruiting bodies colloquially called 'mushrooms' hold a transient lifestyle above soil. Urbanization has introduced another challenge towards studying fungi as highly disturbed soils and a lack of preferred host plant species can alter fungal community composition and prevalence. In the summer of 2020 the macrofungal community of Forest Park in Portland, Oregon was surveyed in addition to control sites in the Mount Hood National Forest. Fungi samples were identified by genus and when possible, species. Observations included nearest substrate, nearest vascular plant species, and GPS coordinates of the mushroom sample(s). Fungi samples were later identifed as either saprophytic, mycorrhizal, or parasitic based on available literature. Our results of 648 confirmed (genera) fungi samples found that 90.8% were saprotrophs, 7.8% were ectomycorrhizal associated primarily with conifers, and that 1.4% were parasitic fungi. Shannon diversity and equitability scores showed that the national forest had a greater diversity of mycorrhizal fungi than the city and middle sections of Forest Park (p=0.0024), but overall, there was little to no significant difference of the total fungal community composition across the urban forest compared to the national forest (P=0.1481). Further research is needed to identify additional members of the mycorrhizal community as to anticipate urbanization's effects, and how different types of mycorrhizal fungi improve urban forests and tree recruitment.


Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research

Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research

Author: Norman Carl Schenck

Publisher:

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13:

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Taxonomy of the fungi forming endomycorrhizae; Morphology and histology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae; Methods for the recovery and quantitative estimation of propagules from soil; Quantification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots; Production of endomycorrhizal inoculum; Procedures for inoculation of plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in the laboratory, greenhouse and field; Evaluationof plant response to colonization by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Spore germination and axenic culture of endomycorrhizae; Taxonomy of ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal fungi; Morphology and development of ecto- and ectendomycorrhizae; Isolation, maintenance, and pure culture manipulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi; Production of ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum; Ectomycorrhizal inoculation procedures for greenhouse and nursery studies; Quantitative measurement of ectomycorrhizae on plant roots; Evaluation of plant response to inoculation; Radiotracer methods for mycorrhizal research; Electron mycroscopy of mycorrhizae; Mycorrhizae in interactions with other microorganisms.


Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture

Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture

Author: Mark Brundrett

Publisher:

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13:

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Mycorrhizas are highly evoloved mutualistic associations between the soil fungi and plant roots. The partners in the association are members of the fungus kingdom and most vascular plants. This manual explains procedures used by scientists who work with mycorrhizal fungi and roots in the laboratory, nursery, or natural and managed ecosystems. Many of the techniques use readily obtainable and relatively inexpensive equipment and chemicals.


Urban Forestry and Arboriculture in Malaysia

Urban Forestry and Arboriculture in Malaysia

Author: Sreetheran Maruthaveeran

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-11-29

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9811954186

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This book represents the latest research on urban forestry in a Malaysian context. It demonstrates that urban forestry is concerned not only with environmental enhancement, but also other aspects, such as recreation, health and well-being, and government policies. This edited collection provides a comprehensive overview of urban forestry studies from various researchers in Malaysia, and includes rich historical perspectives of urban forestry in the country. It also tackles related issues in policy. The greening of urban Malaysia in the 1970s focused primarily on beautification and was primarily the province of horticulturists, landscapers, nursery workers, town planners, and architects, with negligible inputs from foresters, particularly urban foresters. Perhaps for that reason, the term “landscaping” has been used more widely than “urban forestry” by government and private institutions, politicians, stakeholders, academicians, and the public. Nevertheless, the authors show that the concept of urban forestry is not new for developing countries such as Malaysia, where urbanization is increasing at a rapid rate. The book unpacks this demographic shift from a predominantly rural to a principally urban society. As the only unified body of work on urban forestry and arboricultural studies in Malaysia, this volume presents an important interdisciplinary reference for students, researchers, and scholars in physical geography, forestry and urban forestry, arboriculture and landscape architecture, both in Malaysia, and in other developing urbanizing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is also an important resource for those working in environmental policy and practice, excavating the vital connection between the environment and well-being.


The Urban Forest

The Urban Forest

Author: David Pearlmutter

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-02-27

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 3319502808

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This book focuses on urban "green infrastructure" – the interconnected web of vegetated spaces like street trees, parks and peri-urban forests that provide essential ecosystem services in cities. The green infrastructure approach embodies the idea that these services, such as storm-water runoff control, pollutant filtration and amenities for outdoor recreation, are just as vital for a modern city as those provided by any other type of infrastructure. Ensuring that these ecosystem services are indeed delivered in an equitable and sustainable way requires knowledge of the physical attributes of trees and urban green spaces, tools for coping with the complex social and cultural dynamics, and an understanding of how these factors can be integrated in better governance practices. By conveying the findings and recommendations of COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs, this volume summarizes the collaborative efforts of researchers and practitioners from across Europe to address these challenges.


Microorganisms in Soils: Roles in Genesis and Functions

Microorganisms in Soils: Roles in Genesis and Functions

Author: Francois Buscot

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-01-04

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 3540266097

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For this third volume of the series Soil Biology, internationally renowned scientists shed light on the significant roles of microbes in soil. Key topics covered include: bioerosion, humification, mineralization and soil aggregation; Interactions in the mycorrhizosphere; microbes and plant nutrient cycling; Microbes in soil surface or toxic metal polluted soils; Use of marker genes and isotopes in soil microbiology, and many more.


Fungal Associations

Fungal Associations

Author: Bertold Hock

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-11-09

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 3642308260

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This new edition of Fungal Associations focuses on mycorrhizas, lichens and fungal-bacterial symbioses. It has been completely revised, updated and expanded. Renowned experts present thorough reviews and discuss the most recent findings on molecular interactions between fungi and plants or bacteria that lead to morphological alterations and novel properties in the symbionts. New insights into the beneficial impact of fungal associations on ecosystem health are provided and documented with striking examples.


Unasylva 250

Unasylva 250

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2018-09-13

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 9251303835

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Cities need forests. The network of woodlands, groups of trees and individual trees in a city and on its fringes performs a huge range of functions – such as regulating climate; storing carbon; removing air pollutants; reducing the risk of flooding; assisting in food, energy and water security; and improving the physical and mental health of citizens. Forests enhance the look of cities and play important roles in social cohesion; they may even reduce crime. This edition of Unasylva takes a close look at urban and peri-urban forestry – its benefits, pitfalls, governance and challenges.


Trees, Truffles, and Beasts

Trees, Truffles, and Beasts

Author: Chris Maser

Publisher: Rutgers University Press

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 302

ISBN-13: 081354226X

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This publication makes a compelling case that in order to develop sustainable ecosystem policies, we must first understand the complexity and interdependency of species and habitats. Comparing forests in the Pacific Northwestern United States and Southeastern mainland of Australia, the authors show how easily observable species - trees and mammals - are part of an infrastructure that includes fungi, lichens and organisms invisible to the naked eye, such as microbes. This important book shows that forests are far more complicated than most of us might think, which means simplistic policies will not save them. Understanding the biophysical intricacies of our life support systems just might.


Insect-Fungal Associations

Insect-Fungal Associations

Author: Fernando E. Vega

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 0195166523

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There is an increasing interest in using fungi as bio control agents for insect pests in agricultural systems, and also a growing interest in the basic biology of insect-fungal associations from the perspective of parasitism, symbiosis and infection. This title covers topics in this field, incorporating new molecular techniques wherever possible.