Fundamentals of Phytochemical Analysis

Fundamentals of Phytochemical Analysis

Author: Vishnu Balamurugan

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2019-06-10

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 9781073044368

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Plants are a very important source of nutrients and a very important part in the human diet. They provide us carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, cholesterol lowering compounds, antioxidants and other important sources of biologically active substances. Many nutritional values of plants have been discussed in the literature but there is very limited research in the biologically active compounds that are present in them. These biologically active compounds are called as phytochemicals. These phytochemicals are derived from every part of the plant including roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds etc. These phytochemicals are sometimes used as such and in some cases they form the raw materials for a variety of other medicinally important compounds. Medicinal plants are a gift to us from the nature as they provide a number of health benefits to us. In India these medicinal plants are used for about centuries for their properties and are still used to this date. India has a variety of traditional medical systems like Ayurveda, siddha, unani and a huge class of ethnomedicine. This knowledge of medicine was disappeared due to the modernisation that has been on us on the past and is reappearing again as their importance have been realized and lack of side effects are also an important aspect in these types of traditional medicine. Medicinal plants are very important in health care of individuals and communities in many developing countries. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and are used in treatment of various ailments .The plants provide the basic nutrients needed for the growth of animals and humans like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and oils minerals. These plant compounds are used as alternative medicine and have become popular all over the world. They are also used in everyday medicines that we take in our daily life without even knowing that these plant compounds are present, the plant are also used as nutraceutical supplements for improving nutritional intake.This book deals with the methods that are involved in the identification and analysis of such novel compounds that are useful in the field of drug discovery and other application of these valuable plant compounds.


Phytochemistry

Phytochemistry

Author: Chukwuebuka Egbuna

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-12-12

Total Pages: 658

ISBN-13: 0429760337

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This first book in this three-volume set provides comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics in phytochemistry. With chapters from professional specialists from key institutions around the world, the volume starts with an introduction to phytochemistry and details the fundamentals. Part II discusses the state-of-the-art modern methods and techniques in phytochemical research, while Part III provides an informative overview of computational phytochemistry and its applications. Part IV presents novel research findings in the discovery of drugs that will be effective in the treatment of diseases. The chapters are drawn carefully and integrated sequentially to aid flow, consistency, and continuity.


Phytochemical Methods

Phytochemical Methods

Author: Jeffrey B. Harborne

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 346

ISBN-13: 9400959214

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While there are many books available on methods of organic and biochemical analysis, the majority are either primarily concerned with the application of a particular technique (e.g. paper chromatography) or have been written for an audience of chemists or for biochemists work ing mainly with animaltissues. Thus, no simple guide to modern metho ds of plant analysis exists and the purpose of the present volume is to fill this gap. It is primarily intended for students in the plant sciences, who have a botanical or a general biological background. It should also be of value to students in biochemistry, pharmacognosy, food science and 'natural products' organic chemistry. Most books on chromatography, while admirably covering the needs of research workers, tend to overwhelm the student with long lists of solvent systems and spray reagents that can be applied to each class of organic constituent. The intention here is to simplify the situation by listing only a few specially recommended techniques that have wide currency in phytochemical laboratories. Sufficient details are provided to allow the student to use the techniques for themselves and most sections contain some introductory practical experiments which can be used in classwork.


Plant Biochemistry

Plant Biochemistry

Author: Hans-Walter Heldt

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 658

ISBN-13: 0120883910

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1 A Leaf Cell Consists of Several Metabolic Compartments 2 The Use of Energy from Sunlight by Photosynthesis is the Basis of Life on Earth 3 Photosynthesis is an Electron Transport Process 4 ATP is Generated by Photosynthesis 5 Mitochondria are the Power Station of the Cell 6 The Calvin Cycle Catalyzes Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation 7 In the Photorespiratory Pathway Phosphoglycolate Formed by the Oxygenase Activity of RubisCo is Recycled 8 Photosynthesis Implies the Consumption of Water 9 Polysaccharides are Storage and Transport Forms of Carbohydrates Produced by Photosynthesis 10Nitrate Assimilation is Essential for the Synthesis of Organic Matter 11 Nitrogen Fixation Enables the Nitrogen in the Air to be Used for Plant Growth 12 Sulfate Assimilation Enables the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Substances 13 Phloem Transport Distributes Photoassimilates to the Various Sites of Consumption and Storage 14 Products of Nitrate Assimilation are Deposited in Plants as Storage Proteins 15 Glycerolipids are Membrane Constituents and Function as Carbon Stores 16 Secondary Metabolites Fulfill Specific Ecological Functions in Plants 17 Large Diversity of Isoprenoids has Multiple Funtions in Plant Metabolism 18 Phenylpropanoids Comprise a Multitude of Plant Secondary Metabolites and Cell Wall Components 19 Multiple Signals Regulate the Growth and Development of Plant Organs and Enable Their Adaptation to Environmental Conditions 20 A Plant Cell has Three Different Genomes 21 Protein Biosynthesis Occurs at Different Sites of a Cell 22 Gene Technology Makes it Possible to Alter Plants to Meet Requirements of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Industry.


Phytochemicals

Phytochemicals

Author: Toshiki Asao

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2018-11-07

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 1789843774

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Phytochemicals provides original research work and reviews on the sources of phytochemicals, and their roles in disease prevention, supplementation, and accumulation in fruits and vegetables. The roles of anthocyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids, and taxol are presented in separate chapters. Antioxidative and free radicle scavenging activity of phytochemicals is also discussed. The medicinal properties of Opuntia, soybean, sea buckthorn, and gooseberry are presented in a number of chapters. Supplementation of plant extract with phytochemical properties in broiler meals is discussed in one chapter. The final two chapters include the impact of agricultural practices and novel processing technologies on the accumulation of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables. This book mainly focuses on medicinal plants and the disease-preventing properties of phytochemicals, which will be a useful resource to the reader.


Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants

Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants

Author: John T. Arnason

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 1489917780

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Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are receiving ever greater attention in the scientific literature, in medicine, and in the world economy in general. For example, the global value of plant-derived pharmaceuticals will reach $500 billion in the year 2000 in the OECD countries. In the developing countries, over-the-counter remedies and "ethical phytomedicines," which are standardized toxicologically and clinically defined crude drugs, are seen as a promising low cost alternatives in primary health care. The field also has benefited greatly in recent years from the interaction of the study of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and the application of modem phytochemical analysis and biological activity studies to medicinal plants. The papers on this topic assembled in the present volume were presented at the annual meeting of the Phytochemical Society of North America, held in Mexico City, August 15-19, 1994. This meeting location was chosen at the time of entry of Mexico into the North American Free Trade Agreement as another way to celebrate the closer ties between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The meeting site was the historic Calinda Geneve Hotel in Mexico City, a most appropriate site to host a group of phytochemists, since it was the address of Russel Marker. Marker lived at the hotel, and his famous papers on steroidal saponins from Dioscorea composita, which launched the birth control pill, bear the address of the hotel.


Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

Author: Professor Satyajit D. Sarker

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-05-28

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 1118687531

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"This book has succeeded in covering the basic chemistry essentials required by the pharmaceutical science student... the undergraduate reader, be they chemist, biologist or pharmacist will find this an interesting and valuable read." –Journal of Chemical Biology, May 2009 Chemistry for Pharmacy Students is a student-friendly introduction to the key areas of chemistry required by all pharmacy and pharmaceutical science students. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the various areas of general, organic and natural products chemistry (in relation to drug molecules). Clearly structured to enhance student understanding, the book is divided into six clear sections. The book opens with an overview of general aspects of chemistry and their importance to modern life, with particular emphasis on medicinal applications. The text then moves on to a discussion of the concepts of atomic structure and bonding and the fundamentals of stereochemistry and their significance to pharmacy- in relation to drug action and toxicity. Various aspects of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic chemistry and their pharmaceutical importance are then covered with final chapters looking at organic reactions and their applications to drug discovery and development and natural products chemistry. accessible introduction to the key areas of chemistry required for all pharmacy degree courses student-friendly and written at a level suitable for non-chemistry students includes learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter focuses on the physical properties and actions of drug molecules


Herbal Medicine

Herbal Medicine

Author: Iris F. F. Benzie

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2011-03-28

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 1439807167

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The global popularity of herbal supplements and the promise they hold in treating various disease states has caused an unprecedented interest in understanding the molecular basis of the biological activity of traditional remedies. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects focuses on presenting current scientific evidence of biomolecular ef


Essentials of Botanical Extraction

Essentials of Botanical Extraction

Author: Subhash C. Mandal

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2015-02-02

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 0128025638

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Essentials of Botanical Extraction: Principles and Applications provides a unique, single source of valuable information on the various botanical extraction methods available, from conventional to the use of green and modern extraction technologies including ultrasounds, microwaves, pressurized liquids, and supercritical fluids. Most extracts obtained from botanicals are often poorly characterized with unidentified active or inactive constituents. A wise selection of an extraction strategy is vital to drug discovery from medicinal plants as extraction forms the basic first step in medicinal plant research. This book also explores the mathematical hypotheses and innovations in botanical extractions and analyzes different post extraction operations so that dependency on serendipity is reduced and the same be converted into programmed drug discovery. - Reviews the history and current state of natural product drug discovery and development, highlighting successes and current issues - Explains the application of chemometric tools in extraction process design and method development - Introduces process intensification as applied to the processing of medicinal plant extracts for rapid and cost-effective extraction


High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

Author: ManMohan Srivastava

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-11-15

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 3642140254

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The present edited book is the presentation of 18 in-depth national and international contributions from eminent professors, scientists and instrumental chemists from educational institutes, research organizations and industries providing their views on their experience, handling, observation and research outputs on HPTLC, a multi-dimensional instrumentation. The book describes the recent advancements made on TLC which have revolutionized and transformed it into a modern instrumental technique HPTLC. The book addresses different chapters on HPTLC fundamentals: principle, theory, understanding; instrumentation: implementation, optimization, validation, automation and qualitative and quantitative analysis; applications: phytochemical analysis, biomedical analysis, herbal drug quantification, analytical analysis, finger print analysis and potential for hyphenation: HPTLC future to combinatorial approach, HPTLC-MS, HPTLC-FTIR and HPTLC-Scanning Diode Laser. The chapters in the book have been designed in such away that the reader follows each step of the HPTLC in logical order.