Safety Critical Systems Handbook
Safety Critical Systems Handbook

Author: David J. Smith

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2010-11-11

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 0080967825

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Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightfoward Guide to Functional Safety, IEC 61508 (2010 Edition) and Related Standards, Including Process IEC 61511 and Machinery IEC 62061 AND ISO 13849, Third Edition, offers a practical guide to the functional safety standard IEC 61508. The book is organized into three parts. Part A discusses the concept of functional safety and the need to express targets by means of safety integrity levels. It places functional safety in context, along with risk assessment, likelihood of fatality, and the cost of conformance. It also explains the life-cycle approach, together with the basic outline of IEC 61508 (known as BS EN 61508 in the UK). Part B discusses functional safety standards for the process, oil, and gas industries; the machinery sector; and other industries such as rail, automotive, avionics, and medical electrical equipment. Part C presents case studies in the form of exercises and examples. These studies cover SIL targeting for a pressure let-down system, burner control system assessment, SIL targeting, a hypothetical proposal for a rail-train braking system, and hydroelectric dam and tidal gates. - The only comprehensive guide to IEC 61508, updated to cover the 2010 amendments, that will ensure engineers are compliant with the latest process safety systems design and operation standards - Helps readers understand the process required to apply safety critical systems standards - Real-world approach helps users to interpret the standard, with case studies and best practice design examples throughout

Functional Safety of Machinery
Functional Safety of Machinery

Author: Marco Tacchini

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2023-03-10

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1119789052

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FUNCTIONAL SAFETY OF MACHINERY Enables readers to understand ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061 standards and provides a practical approach to functional safety in machinery design Functional Safety of Machinery: How to Apply ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061 introduces functional safety of machinery as a single unified approach, despite the existence of two standards. Aligning with the latest updates of ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061, the book explains the intent behind the standards and the mathematical basis on which they are written, details the differences between the two standards, and prescribes ways to put them into practice. To aid in seamless reader comprehension, detailed examples are included throughout the book which walk readers through concepts like Random and Systematic Failures, High and Low demand mode of operation, Diagnostic Coverage, and Safe Failure Fraction. Other sample topics covered within the book include: Basics of reliability engineering and functional safety Roles of the standards in the design and evaluation of safety functions Description of the Main Parameters used in the two standards How to deal with Low Demand Safety Systems The Categories of ISO 13849-1 and the Basic Subsystem Architectures of IEC 62061 How Categories and Architectures can be validated Machinery design engineers, machinery manufacturers, and professionals in system and industrial safety fields can use this book as a one-stop resource to understand the specifics and applications of ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061.

Functional safety of machine controls
Functional safety of machine controls

Author: Hauke, M.

Publisher: DGUV/IFA

Published: 2019-08-20

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 3864232325

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The EN ISO 13849-1 standard, “Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems”, contains provisions governing the design of such parts. This report is an update of BGIA Report 2/2008e of the same name. It describes the essential subject-matter of the standard in its third, revised 2015 edition, and explains its application with reference to numerous examples from the fields of electromechanics, fluidics, electronics and programmable electronics, including control systems employing mixed technologies. The standard is placed in its context of the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, and possible methods for risk assessment are presented. Based upon this information, the report can be used to select the required Performance Level PLr for safety functions in control systems. The Performance Level PL which is actually attained is explained in detail. The requirements for attainment of the relevant Performance Level and its associated Categories, component reliability, levels of diagnostic coverage, software safety and measures for the prevention of systematic and common-cause failures are all discussed comprehensively. Background information is also provided on implementation of the requirements in real-case control systems. Numerous example circuits show, down to component level, how Performance Levels a to e can be engineered in the selected technologies with Categories B to 4. The examples provide information on the safety principles employed and on components with well-tried safety functionality. Numerous literature references permit closer study of the examples provided. The report shows how the requirements of EN ISO 13849-1 can be implemented in engineering practice, and thus makes a contribution to consistent application and interpretation of the standard at national and international level.

Risk Assessments and Safe Machinery
Risk Assessments and Safe Machinery

Author: Torben Jespen

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-05-03

Total Pages: 263

ISBN-13: 3319313614

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This book describes the prerequisites for the placing on the market and the safe use of machinery in compliance with the relevant EU Directives, especially the Machinery Directive 2006/42. It provides readers with high-level knowledge concerning the Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) that machinery must fulfill. The approach and principles of the Machinery Directive were most recently made worldwide acknowledged in the ILO code of practice on safe machinery, released in 2013. The book addresses that code, as well as providing valuable insight into other EU Product and Workplace legislation. Focusing on the key aspect of safe machinery, the “machinery safety risk assessment”, which allows readers to better understand the more difficult aspects of risk assessments, the book equips readers to tackle problems at the manufacturing stage and in different use scenarios, introducing them to risk reduction techniques and functional safety aspects.

Safety with Machinery
Safety with Machinery

Author: John Ridley

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2006-08-14

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 1136367497

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John Ridley and Dick Pearce, both recognized specialists in machinery safety, guide the reader through the various standards, regulations and best practices relating to the safe design and use of machinery and show which standard is relevant for which type of machine. Safety with Machinery provides a basic grounding in machinery safety and covers safeguarding philosophy and strategy, typical hazards, risk assessment and reduction, guarding techniques, ergonomic considerations, safe use of equipment and plant layout. All types of safeguards are discussed – mechanical, interlocking, electrical / electronic / programmable, hydraulic, pneumatic. The new edition has been updated throughout in line with changes in regulations and standards. The section on electric, electronic and programmable safety systems has been expanded to reflect their increasing importance. The book now focuses on the harmonised standards (e.g. EN ISO 13849, IEC/EN 61131-2) which can be used by manufacturers to self-certify their machines for the European market without the need for third party examination, but also covers other relevant standards (e.g. IEC 62061). Many practical examples set the regulations in context and assist in the interpretation of the various standards. Safety with Machinery is essential reading for all engineers involved in machinery design and maintenance all over the world as every machine sold within or into the EU needs to conform to the harmonised standards. It also provides health and safety professionals, students and employee representatives, as well as certification bodies, health and safety inspectors and safety regulators with a comprehensive overview of machinery safety.

The Safety Critical Systems Handbook
The Safety Critical Systems Handbook

Author: David J. Smith

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2016-08-04

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 008100897X

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The Safety Critical Systems Handbook: A Straightforward Guide to Functional Safety: IEC 61508 (2010 Edition), IEC 61511 (2016 Edition) & Related Guidance, Fourth Edition, presents the latest on the electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic systems that provide safety functions that guard workers and the public against injury or death, and the environment against pollution. The international functional safety standard IEC 61508 was revised in 2010, and authors David Smith and Kenneth Simpson provide a comprehensive guide to the revised standard, as well as the revised IEC 61511 (2016). The book enables engineers to determine if a proposed or existing piece of equipment meets the safety integrity levels (SIL) required by the various standards and guidance, and also describes the requirements for the new alternative route (route 2H), introduced in 2010. A number of other areas have been updated by Smith and Simpson in this new edition, including the estimation of common cause failure, calculation of PFDs and failure rates for redundant configurations, societal risk, and additional second tier guidance documents. As functional safety is applicable to many industries, this book will have a wide readership beyond the chemical and process sector, including oil and gas, machinery, power generation, nuclear, aircraft, and automotive industries, plus project, instrumentation, design, and control engineers. - Provides the only comprehensive guide to IEC 61508, updated to cover the 2010 amendments, that will ensure engineers are compliant with the latest process safety systems design and operation standards - Addresses the 2016 updates to IEC 61511 to helps readers understand the processes required to apply safety critical systems standards and guidance - Presents a real-world approach that helps users interpret new standards, with case studies and best practice design examples throughout

Functional Safety
Functional Safety

Author: David John Smith

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 0750662697

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A practical guide to designing and assessing safety-critical systems to international standards.

Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems
Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems

Author: Swapan Basu

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-10-21

Total Pages: 1064

ISBN-13: 0128038217

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Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems is the first book to combine coverage of these two integral aspects of running a chemical processing plant. It helps engineers from various disciplines learn how various analysis techniques, international standards, and instrumentation and controls provide layers of protection for basic process control systems, and how, as a result, overall system reliability, availability, dependability, and maintainability can be increased. This step-by-step guide takes readers through the development of safety instrumented systems, also including discussions on cost impact, basics of statistics, and reliability. Swapan Basu brings more than 35 years of industrial experience to this book, using practical examples to demonstrate concepts. Basu links between the SIS requirements and process hazard analysis in order to complete SIS lifecycle implementation and covers safety analysis and realization in control systems, with up-to-date descriptions of modern concepts, such as SIL, SIS, and Fault Tolerance to name a few. In addition, the book addresses security issues that are particularly important for the programmable systems in modern plants, and discusses, at length, hazardous atmospheres and their impact on electrical enclosures and the use of IS circuits. - Helps the reader identify which hazard analysis method is the most appropriate (covers ALARP, HAZOP, FMEA, LOPA) - Provides tactics on how to implement standards, such as IEC 61508/61511 and ANSI/ISA 84 - Presents information on how to conduct safety analysis and realization in control systems and safety instrumentation

Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems
Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems

Author: Chris Hobbs

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-10-06

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 1498726712

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Safety-critical devices, whether medical, automotive, or industrial, are increasingly dependent on the correct operation of sophisticated software. Many standards have appeared in the last decade on how such systems should be designed and built. Developers, who previously only had to know how to program devices for their industry, must now understand remarkably esoteric development practices and be prepared to justify their work to external auditors. Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems discusses the development of safety-critical systems under the following standards: IEC 61508; ISO 26262; EN 50128; and IEC 62304. It details the advantages and disadvantages of many architectural and design practices recommended in the standards, ranging from replication and diversification, through anomaly detection to the so-called "safety bag" systems. Reviewing the use of open-source components in safety-critical systems, this book has evolved from a course text used by QNX Software Systems for a training module on building embedded software for safety-critical devices, including medical devices, railway systems, industrial systems, and driver assistance devices in cars. Although the book describes open-source tools for the most part, it also provides enough information for you to seek out commercial vendors if that’s the route you decide to pursue. All of the techniques described in this book may be further explored through hundreds of learned articles. In order to provide you with a way in, the author supplies references he has found helpful as a working software developer. Most of these references are available to download for free.

Functional Safety for Road Vehicles
Functional Safety for Road Vehicles

Author: Hans-Leo Ross

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-25

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 3319333615

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This book highlights the current challenges for engineers involved in product development and the associated changes in procedure they make necessary. Methods for systematically analyzing the requirements for safety and security mechanisms are described using examples of how they are implemented in software and hardware, and how their effectiveness can be demonstrated in terms of functional and design safety are discussed. Given today’s new E-mobility and automated driving approaches, new challenges are arising and further issues concerning “Road Vehicle Safety” and “Road Traffic Safety” have to be resolved. To address the growing complexity of vehicle functions, as well as the increasing need to accommodate interdisciplinary project teams, previous development approaches now have to be reconsidered, and system engineering approaches and proven management systems need to be supplemented or wholly redefined. The book presents a continuous system development process, starting with the basic requirements of quality management and continuing until the release of a vehicle and its components for road use. Attention is paid to the necessary definition of the respective development item, the threat-, hazard- and risk analysis, safety concepts and their relation to architecture development, while the book also addresses the aspects of product realization in mechanics, electronics and software as well as for subsequent testing, verification, integration and validation phases. In November 2011, requirements for the Functional Safety (FuSa) of road vehicles were first published in ISO 26262. The processes and methods described here are intended to show developers how vehicle systems can be implemented according to ISO 26262, so that their compliance with the relevant standards can be demonstrated as part of a safety case, including audits, reviews and assessments.